Table 1.
Characteristics of Anthracycline‐Exposed Childhood Cancer Survivors
| Variables | Cases (n=40) | Controls (n=64) | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at primary cancer diagnosis, y | |||
| Median (IQR) | 8.2 (3.6–13.9) | 9.7 (3.3–14.4) | 0.9 |
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Female | 24 (60.0) | 34 (53.1) | 0.5 |
| Male | 16 (40.0) | 30 (46.9) | |
| Cumulative anthracycline exposure, n (%) | |||
| <250 mg/m2 | 15 (37.5) | 41 (64.1) | 0.008 † |
| ≥250 mg/m2 | 25 (62.5) | 23 (35.9) | |
| Chest radiation | |||
| Yes (n, %) | 19 (47.5) | 13 (20.3) | 0.003 † |
| Dose in cGy (Mean±SD) | 1417.3 ± 284.1 | 674.1 ± 226.4 | 0.003 † |
| Race or ethnicity (n, %) | |||
| Non‐Hispanic White | 23 (57.5) | 37 (57.8) | Matched |
| Hispanic | 9 (22.5) | 16 (25.0) | |
| Black | 5 (12.5) | 7 (10.9) | |
| Asian | 3 (7.5) | 3 (4.7) | |
| Mixed race ethnicity | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.6) | |
| Primary diagnosis, n (%) | |||
| Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | 9 (22.5) | 16 (25.0) | Matched |
| Acute myeloid leukemia | 2 (5.0) | 3 (4.7) | |
| Ewing sarcoma | 4 (10.0) | 8 (12.5) | |
| Hodgkin lymphoma | 7 (17.5) | 10 (15.6) | |
| Kidney tumors | 2 (5.0) | 2 (3.1) | |
| Neuroblastoma | 5 (12.5) | 8 (12.5) | |
| Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma | 5 (12.5) | 8 (12.5) | |
| Osteosarcoma | 4 (10.0) | 7 (10.9) | |
| Soft tissue sarcoma | 2 (5.0) | 2 (3.1) | |
| CVRF, n (%) | |||
| No | 24 (60.0) | 62 (96.9) | <0.0001 † |
| Yes | 14 (35.0) | 2 (3.1) | |
| Missing | 2 (5.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Time from cancer diagnosis to study enrollment, y | |||
| Median (IQR) | 11.1 (4.3–18.8) | 10.1 (7.1–14.5) | 0.8 |
| Time from cancer diagnosis to cardiac event for cases, y | |||
| Median (IQR) | 5.3 (0.8–12.8) | ‐ | |
cGy indicates centiGray; CVRF, cardiovascular risk factors; and IQR, interquartile range.
*
P values were estimated using either chi‐square or Fisher exact test for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon/Kruskal–Wallis test for continuous variables.
†
Indicates statistical significance at P < 0.05.