Table 5.
Risk of MI, Ischemic Stroke, and All‐Cause Mortality in Women With a History of Premature Menopause, Early Menopause, or Menopause Between the Ages of 45 and 49 Years Compared With Normal Menopause Within Each Subgroup
| Subgroup | MI | Ischemic stroke | All‐cause mortality | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30–39 y | 40–44 y | 45–49 y | ≥50 y | P value for interaction | 30–39 y | 40–44 y | 45–49 y | ≥50 y | P value for interaction | 30–39 y | 40–44 y | 45–49 y | ≥50 | P value for interaction | ||
| Age, y | <65 | 1.53 (1.34–1.74) | 1.25 (1.16–1.36) | 1.13 (1.09–1.18) | 1 (Reference) | 0.05 | 1.35 (1.19–1.54) | 1.32 (1.22–1.41) | 1.08 (1.04–1.12) | 1 (Reference) | <0.01 | 1.59 (1.43–1.77) | 1.47 (1.38–1.57) | 1.17 (1.13–1.21) | 1 (Reference) | <0.01 |
| ≥65 | 1.34 (1.24–1.45) | 1.15 (1.09–1.21) | 1.08 (1.04–1.12) | 1 (Reference) | 1.18 (1.11–1.26) | 1.12 (1.08–1.17) | 1.03 (1.01–1.06) | 1 (Reference) | 1.13 (1.08–1.19) | 1.08 (1.05–1.11) | 1.03 (1.01–1.05) | 1 (Reference) | ||||
| Obese | No | 1.37 (1.25–1.50) | 1.24 (1.17–1.31) | 1.11 (1.07–1.14) | 1 (Reference) | 0.07 | 1.25 (1.16–1.34) | 1.19 (1.14–1.25) | 1.05 (1.02–1.07) | 1 (Reference) | 0.45 | 1.2 (1.14–1.26) | 1.16 (1.12–1.20) | 1.067 (1.05–1.09) | 1 (Reference) | 0.10 |
| Yes | 1.44 (1.30–1.59) | 1.11 (1.03–1.19) | 1.10 (1.06–1.15) | 1 (Reference) | 1.23 (1.12–1.34) | 1.15 (1.09–1.22) | 1.07 (1.04–1.11) | 1 (Reference) | 1.17 (1.09–1.27) | 1.09 (1.04–1.14) | 1.04 (1.02–1.07) | 1 (Reference) | ||||
| Diabetes | No | 1.37 (1.27–1.48) | 1.20 (1.14–1.26) | 1.13 (1.09–1.16) | 1 (Reference) | 0.01 | 1.26 (1.18–1.34) | 1.21 (1.16–1.25) | 1.06 (1.03–1.08) | 1 (Reference) | 0.07 | 1.20 (1.14–1.26) | 1.13 (1.10–1.17) | 1.07 (1.05–1.09) | 1 (Reference) | 0.27 |
| Yes | 1.50 (1.30–1.70) | 1.13 (1.03–1.24) | 1.03 (0.97–1.09) | 1 (Reference) | 1.18 (1.04–1.33) | 1.08 (1.01–1.17) | 1.05 (1.01–1.10) | 1 (Reference) | 1.18 (1.08–1.29) | 1.14 (1.08–1.20) | 1.03 (0.99–1.06) | 1 (Reference) | ||||
| Hypertension | No | 1.45 (1.30–1.61) | 1.19 (1.11–1.28) | 1.10 (1.06–1.15) | 1 (Reference) | 0.88 | 1.28 (1.16–1.42) | 1.25 (1.18–1.33) | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) | 1 (Reference) | 0.05 | 1.16 (1.08–1.25) | 1.15 (1.11–1.20) | 1.08 (1.05–1.11) | 1 (Reference) | 0.16 |
| Yes | 1.37 (1.26–1.49) | 1.18 (1.12–1.24) | 1.11 (1.07–1.14) | 1 (Reference) | 1.22 (1.13–1.31) | 1.14 (1.09–1.19) | 1.06 (1.03–1.09) | 1 (Reference) | 1.21 (1.15–1.27) | 1.12 (1.09–1.16) | 1.05 (1.03–1.07) | 1 (Reference) | ||||
| Dyslipidemia | No | 1.37 (1.25–1.49) | 1.19 (1.13–1.26) | 1.12 (1.08–1.15) | 1 (Reference) | 0.44 | 1.23 (1.15–1.32) | 1.16 (1.11–1.21) | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | 1 (Reference) | 0.02 | 1.18 (1.12–1.24) | 1.12 (1.09–1.15) | 1.06 (1.04–1.08) | 1 (Reference) | 0.26 |
| Yes | 1.46 (1.31–1.63) | 1.17 (1.09–1.26) | 1.08 (1.04–1.13) | 1 (Reference) | 1.25 (1.13–1.39) | 1.22 (1.14–1.29) | 1.11 (1.07–1.15) | 1 (Reference) | 1.21 (1.12–1.31) | 1.17 (1.12–1.23) | 1.05 (1.02–1.08) | 1 (Reference) | ||||
| HRT | None | 1.38 (1.28–1.48) | 1.17 (1.12–1.22) | 1.10 (1.08–1.13) | 1 (Reference) | 0.50 | 1.23 (1.16–1.31) | 1.18 (1.14–1.22) | 1.06 (1.04–1.08) | 1 (Reference) | 0.32 | 1.18 (1.13–1.24) | 1.13 (1.10–1.16) | 1.06 (1.04–1.08) | 1 (Reference) | 0.12 |
| <2 y | 1.57 (1.17–2.11) | 1.21 (1.01–1.44) | 1.09 (0.99–1.20) | 1 (Reference) | 1.30 (0.97–1.73) | 1.16 (0.99–1.37) | 0.97 (0.89–1.06) | 1 (Reference) | 1.52 (1.19–1.93) | 1.21 (1.05–1.40) | 1.06 (0.97–1.14) | 1 (Reference) | ||||
| 2–5 y | 1.78 (1.17–2.70) | 1.56 (1.21–2.01) | 1.11 (0.95–1.29) | 1 (Reference) | 1.84 (1.27–2.67) | 1.24 (0.96–1.60) | 1.16 (1.02–1.33) | 1 (Reference) | 1.31 (0.89–1.94) | 1.47 (1.19–1.81) | 1.02 (0.90–1.16) | 1 (Reference) | ||||
| ≥5 y | 1.51 (1.03–2.22) | 1.39 (1.07–1.82) | 1.16 (0.99–1.37) | 1 (Reference) | 1.12 (0.76–1.67) | 1.06 (0.81–1.39) | 1.03 (0.89–1.20) | 1 (Reference) | 1.16 (0.81–1.64) | 1.31 (1.05–1.64) | 1.07 (0.94–1.22) | 1 (Reference) | ||||
Subgroup analyses were performed using the data of model 4 in Table 3. Adjusted for age, ever smoking, alcohol drinking, income (quartile 1; lowest quartile), regular exercise, body mass index, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2, and HRT. The hazard ratios and 95% CIs were obtained by using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. HRT indicates hormone replacement therapy; and MI, myocardial infarction.