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. 2023 Nov 20;12(22):e031220. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.123.031220

Figure 4. Results of multivariate models describing the association between clinical traits and histological features.

Figure 4

Regression models were designed for each histological trait, stratified by atrial side (left atrial [LA], n=95; right atrial [RA], n=76). Sex, heart failure, rhythm history, and age were modeled explicitly as covariates. Overall, heart failure, rhythm history, and sex are the strongest drivers of structural remodeling in this data set. Clinical traits have a slightly more pronounced effect on histology in the left atrium than right atrium. *Permuted P value <0.05, **Permuted P value <0.01. ECM indicates exctracellular matrix content; LAA, left atrial appendage; ParAF, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; PersAF, persistent atrial fibrillation; and RAA, right atrial appendage.