Table 5. SRRS events by young, middle-aged and older adults’ weights and ranks.
Holmes & Rahe | Present study | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Young adults | Middle-aged adults | Older adults | ||||||||
Event | original rank | rank | Mean (SE)a | 99% CIb | rank | Mean (SE)a | 99% CIb | rank | Mean (SE)a | 99% CIb |
Death of a spouse or life partner | 1 | 1 | 85.65 (2.1) | 79.53, 90.65 | 1 | 87.72 (1.24) | 84.24, 90.8 | 1 | 85.92 (2.07) | 80.27, 91.08 |
Divorce | 2 | 6 | 65.13 (2.15) | 59.34, 70.87 | 4 | 68.28 (1.39) | 64.66, 71.64 | 4 | 69.34 (2.05) | 63.45, 74.43 |
Marital separation | 3 | 7 | 62.17 (2.15) | 56.95, 67.54 | 5 | 68.09 (1.33) | 64.49, 71.59 | 5 | 68.44 (1.92) | 63.1, 73.18 |
Detention in jail or other institution | 4 | 3 | 70.65 (2.53) | 63.62, 76.69 | 2 | 79.74 (1.38) | 76.4, 83.08 | 2 | 76.08 (2.4) | 69.22, 81.99 |
Death of a close family member | 5 | 2 | 75.26 (2.44) | 68, 80.98 | 3 | 76.92 (1.38) | 73.26, 80.32 | 3 | 74 (2.02) | 68.54, 79.04 |
Major personal injury or illness | 6 | 8 | 59.84 (2.14) | 53.53, 65.63 | 6 | 65.72 (1.31) | 62.46, 68.98 | 7 | 65.33 (1.89) | 60.53, 70.24 |
Marriage (pre-set weight) | 7 | 14 | 50 | 14 | 50 | 13 | 50 | |||
Losing your job | 8 | 9 | 59.05 (2.22) | 52.93, 64.54 | 10 | 61.7 (1.37) | 57.99, 65.51 | 9 | 61.06 (2.2) | 55.08, 67.03 |
Marital reconciliation | 9 | 18 | 44.11 (1.95) | 38.77, 49.37 | 16 | 47.01 (1.36) | 43.26, 50.26 | 17 | 46.41 (1.9) | 41.07, 51.2 |
Retirement from work | 10 | 13 | 50.16 (2.38) | 44.24, 56.17 | 15 | 49.9 (1.47) | 46.34, 53.55 | 16 | 48.63 (2.18) | 42.8, 53.99 |
Major change in the health or behaviour of a family member | 11 | 15 | 49.13 (2.08) | 43.87, 54.63 | 11 | 57.75 (1.31) | 54.44, 61.2 | 11 | 57.06 (1.9) | 51.71, 62.19 |
Pregnancy | 12 | 5 | 66.61 (2.45) | 60.49, 72.75 | 8 | 64.19 (1.36) | 60.74, 67.54 | 8 | 63.97 (1.99) | 58.47, 68.63 |
Sexual difficulties | 13 | 30 | 34.47 (1.9) | 29.8, 39.8 | 25 | 38.94 (1.28) | 35.54, 42.3 | 24 | 39.29 (1.91) | 33.98, 44.56 |
Gaining a new family member | 14 | 12 | 52.8 (2.38) | 47.02, 59.34 | 12 | 52.52 (1.55) | 48.36, 56.6 | 15 | 49.41 (2.02) | 44.34, 54.25 |
Major business readjustment | 15 | 17 | 44.69 (2.27) | 37.94, 50.73 | 17 | 46.19 (1.43) | 42.65, 49.8 | 14 | 49.68 (2.24) | 44.15, 55.21 |
Major change in financial state | 16 | 11 | 54.3 (2.04) | 49.06, 59.65 | 13 | 51.59 (1.24) | 48.35, 54.94 | 12 | 50.96 (1.95) | 45.2, 56.64 |
Death of a close friend | 17 | 4 | 69.68 (2.37) | 63.06, 75.74 | 7 | 64.99 (1.54) | 60.83, 68.64 | 10 | 57.09 (2.17) | 51.23, 62.53 |
Changing to a different line of work | 18 | 22 | 40.88 (2) | 35.67, 45.97 | 23 | 39.66 (1.14) | 36.82, 42.83 | 26 | 37.86 (1.83) | 33.26, 42.16 |
Major change in the number of arguments with spouse/life partner | 19 | 19 | 42.55 (1.91) | 37.52, 47.67 | 18 | 44.42 (1.27) | 41.01, 47.6 | 19 | 45.22 (2.01) | 39.13, 50.98 |
Taking on a mortgage or loan for a major purchase | 20 | 16 | 46.09 (2.25) | 40.23, 52.17 | 22 | 40 (1.28) | 37.09, 44.12 | 20 | 43.71 (2) | 38.3, 48.95 |
Foreclosure/repossession on mortgage or loan | 21 | 10 | 55.22 (2.23) | 49.49, 61.59 | 9 | 63.09 (1.41) | 59.57, 66.72 | 6 | 67.11 (2.27) | 60.81, 72.56 |
Major change in responsibilities at work | 22 | 26 | 38.16 (1.79) | 33.27, 42.88 | 28 | 37.09 (1.1) | 34.21, 40.3 | 25 | 39.02 (1.73) | 34.25, 43.78 |
Son or daughter leaving home | 23 | 21 | 40.92 (1.97) | 35.67, 45.87 | 19 | 41.98 (1.38) | 38.62, 45.75 | 22 | 41.61 (1.99) | 36.39, 46.26 |
In-law troubles | 24 | 34 | 30.3 (1.99) | 25.21, 35.09 | 32 | 30.25 (1.18) | 27.05, 33.34 | 31 | 33.02 (1.85) | 28.48, 38.37 |
Outstanding personal achievement | 25 | 36 | 29.21 (2.07) | 24.57, 34.16 | 34 | 29.66 (1.23) | 26.45, 33.05 | 28 | 35.26 (1.98) | 30.36, 40.52 |
Spouse/life partner begins or stops working | 26 | 23 | 40.34 (1.89) | 35.55, 45.12 | 20 | 41.88 (1.25) | 38.85, 45.73 | 27 | 35.84 (1.85) | 31.21, 40.86 |
Beginning or ceasing formal schooling | 27 | 28 | 36.34 (2) | 30.93, 41.56 | 31 | 33.07 (1.18) | 30.26, 36.41 | 30 | 33.51 (2.02) | 28.31, 39.14 |
Major change in living conditions | 28 | 24 | 39.28 (2.03) | 34.28, 45.03 | 24 | 39.38 (1.24) | 36.05, 42.25 | 23 | 39.38 (1.87) | 34.36, 44.22 |
Revision of personal habits | 29 | 38 | 27.25 (1.93) | 22.7, 32.39 | 41 | 21.56 (1) | 19.19, 24.34 | 42 | 21.65 (1.39) | 17.89, 25.55 |
Troubles with the boss | 30 | 40 | 24.69 (1.84) | 20.51, 29.09 | 33 | 30.03 (1.25) | 26.94, 33.46 | 33 | 31.12 (2.01) | 25.7, 36.14 |
Major change in work hours or conditions | 31 | 25 | 38.64 (1.8) | 33.95, 43.11 | 26 | 38.41 (1.15) | 35.22, 42.12 | 32 | 32.85 (1.69) | 28.43, 37.43 |
Change in residence | 32 | 20 | 41.01 (2.04) | 36.02, 46.2 | 21 | 41.75 (1.29) | 38.69, 44.92 | 18 | 46.23 (1.81) | 41.48, 50.53 |
Changing to a new school | 33 | 27 | 37.5 (2.02) | 32.94, 42.68 | 29 | 33.51 (1.25) | 30.37, 36.51 | 29 | 34.44 (2.12) | 28.5, 40.14 |
Major change in usual type and/or amount of recreation | 34 | 31 | 33.24 (1.86) | 28.83, 38.04 | 35 | 28.65 (1.02) | 26.2, 31.28 | 35 | 26.38 (1.5) | 22.8, 30.77 |
Major change in religious activities | 35 | 39 | 26.08 (1.7) | 22.08, 30.2 | 44 | 18.05 (1.02) | 15.55, 20.85 | 44 | 19.33 (1.7) | 14.88, 24.21 |
Major change in social activities | 36 | 37 | 28.78 (1.9) | 24.2, 33.82 | 38 | 23.3 (1.06) | 20.31, 26.5 | 39 | 22.95 (1.4) | 19.4, 26.91 |
Taking on a loan for a lesser purchase | 37 | 35 | 29.83 (1.95) | 25.3, 35.2 | 37 | 23.51 (1.1) | 20.85, 26.6 | 36 | 24.55 (1.66) | 20.33, 28.88 |
Major change in sleeping habits | 38 | 32 | 32.26 (2.13) | 27.13, 37.73 | 30 | 33.25 (1.12) | 30.21, 36.13 | 34 | 28.74 (1.49) | 25.24, 32.57 |
Major change in number of family get-togethers | 39 | 41 | 24.53 (1.88) | 20.13, 29.1 | 40 | 21.73 (0.94) | 19.44, 24.4 | 38 | 23.97 (1.56) | 20.28, 28.06 |
Major change in eating habits | 40 | 33 | 30.68 (1.94) | 26.24, 36.11 | 36 | 27.63 (1.06) | 24.81, 30.71 | 37 | 24 (1.36) | 20.63, 28.16 |
Vacation | 41 | 42 | 21.45 (2.05) | 16.28, 26.5 | 43 | 19.13 (1.07) | 16.33, 22.04 | 43 | 21 (1.51) | 17.29, 25.52 |
Christmas | 42 | 44 | 16.95 (1.7) | 12.65, 21.35 | 42 | 19.79 (1.09) | 16.76, 22.86 | 41 | 22.23 (1.93) | 17.62, 27.65 |
Minor violations of the law | 43 | 43 | 19.85 (1.47) | 16.66, 24.09 | 39 | 22.72 (1.04) | 20, 25.45 | 40 | 22.87 (1.64) | 18.4, 27.3 |
Single person, living alone | 29 | 34.96 (2.59) | 28.55, 41.39 | 27 | 37.84 (1.49) | 33.92, 41.51 | 21 | 41.66 (2.28) | 35.82, 48.26 |
a SE = Standard Error.
b CI = Confidence Intervals.