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. 2023 Dec 15;102(50):e36647. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036647

Table 2.

Meta-analysis of observational studies using Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS).

Authors/yr of publication Newcastle–Ottawa scale
Representativeness of the exposed cohort Selection of the unexposed cohort Ascertainment of exposure Outcome of interest not present at start of study Control for important factor or additional factor Outcome assessment Follow-up long enough for outcomes to occur enough for outcomes to occur Adequacy of follow-up of cohorts Total scores
Hay/2008 8
Lee/2013 ☆☆ 9
Donatini/2016 8
Dobrinja/2017 - 7
Kim/2017 8
Kwon/2017 8
Xu/2018 8
Jeon/2019 9