Table 4. Percentage of long oval canals (≥2) at 1-5mm from the apex.
CBCT: Cone beam computed tomography; Micro-CT: Micro-computed tomography; MB: Mesio-buccal; DB: Disto-buccal; ML: Meso-lingual.
| Tooth (canal) position | Number of teeth | Number of cross sections | Prevelance | Method | Authors | |
| Central Incisor | Maxillary | 40 | 200 | 5-35% | Horizontally sectioned and measured with microscope at 30x | Wu MK et al. [4] |
| Mandibular | 40 | 200 | 10-56% | |||
| 1472 | 17 | 1.94% | CBCT scan at 85kV using OnDemand3D software | Shemesh A et al. [19] | ||
| 340 | 257 | 14-25% | Micro-CT with voltage 50kV and 19.6 µm isotropic resolution | Milanezi de Almeida M et al. [15] | ||
| Lateral incisor | Mandibular | 1508 | 20 | 2.12% | CBCT scan with voltage 85kV and used OnDemand3D software | Shemesh A et al. [19] |
| 340 | 56 | 27-41% | Micro-CT with voltage 50kV and 19.6 µm isotropic resolution | Milanezi de Almeida M et al. [15] | ||
| Canine | Maxillary | 20 | 100 | 5-6% | Horizontal sectioned and measured with microscope (x30) | Wu MK et al. [4] |
| Mandibular | 20 | 100 | 5-11% | Horizontal sectioned and measured with microscope (x30) | Wu MK et al. [4] | |
| Premolar | Maxillary | 40 | 200 | 7-63% | Horizontal sectioned and measured with microscope (x30) | Wu MK et al. [4] |
| 44 | 57 | 24.6% | Micro-CT with voltage 130kV and 50µm isotropic resolution | Arfianti RP et al. [16] | ||
| Mandibular | 40 | 200 | 13-40% | Horizontal sectioned and measured with microscope (x30) | Wu MK et al. [4] | |
| Molar MB canal | Maxillary | 60 | 300 | 13-80% | Horizontal sectioned and measured with microscope (x30) | Wu MK et al. [4] |
| 17 | 56 | 22.7% | Micro-CT with voltage 130kV and 50µm isotropic resolution | Arfianti RP et al. [16] | ||
| Mandibular | 40 | 200 | 20-92% | Horizontal sectioned and measured with microscope (x30) | Wu MK et al. [4] | |
| 19 | 43 | 47.4% | Micro-CT with voltage 130kV and 50µm isotropic resolution | Arfianti RP et al. [16] | ||
| Molar DB canal | Maxillary | 20 | 100 | 11-30% | Horizontal sectioned and measured with microscope (x30) | Wu MK et al. [4] |
| 17 | 56 | 5.9% | Micro-CT with voltage 130kV and 50µm isotropic resolution | Arfianti RP et al. [16] | ||
| Molar ML canal | Mandibular | 20 | 100 | 10-25% | Horizontal sectioned and measured with microscope (x30) | Wu MK et al. [4] |
| Molar Palatal canal | Maxillary | 20 | 100 | 10-24% | Horizontal sectioned and measured with microscope (x30) | Wu MK et al. [4] |
| Molar Distal canal | Mandibular | 20 | 100 | 24-30% | Horizontal sectioned and measured with microscope (x30) | Wu MK et al. [4] |
| 100 | 100 | 24-54% | Micro-CT with voltage 50kV and 19.6 µm isotropic resolution | Filpo-Perez C et al. [17] | ||
| 19 | 43 | 21.1% | Micro-CT with voltage 130kV and 50µm isotropic resolution | Arfianti RP et al. [16] | ||