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Changes in trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) across the differentiated Caco-2 monolayers when exposed to different test substrates. The change in TEER is the percentage (%) change compared to the initial TEER (horizontal dotted line) for each substrate. The values are plotted as mean ± SD with experimental (n = 3) and technical replicates (n = 3). Statistical significance compared to control medium is indicated by ** P < 0.01 or *** P < 0.001.
