Table 5.

Average marginal effect of cost (US$) of acute respiratory illness^* (n=3729)

Covariates	Values	Cost in US$ (95% CI)	P value
Age in years	60–64	Reference	–
	65–74	0.2 (−0.9 to 1.4)	0.71
	75 and above	3.4 (1.4 to 5.3)	<0.01
Sex	Female	Reference	–
	Male	1.3 (0.1 to 2.4)	<0.05
Presence of any comorbidity	None	Reference	–
	One	2.0 (0.6 to 3.3)	<0.01
	More than one	4.3 (2.8 to 5.7)	<0.01
Coverage with health insurance	No	Reference	–
	Yes	0.3 (−2.2 to 1.6)	0.77
Wealth tercile	Lower	Reference	–
	Middle	0.6 (−2.0 to 0.8)	0.41
	Upper	0.2 (−1.9 to 1.6)	0.84
Any private sector visit during the episode	No	Reference	–
	Yes	0.8 (−2.2 to 0.6)	0.28
Type of care (higher one taken if more than one)	None or pharmacy	Reference
	Ambulatory	17.2 (15.1 to 19.2)	<0.01
	Emergency or inpatient	36.8 (4.9 to 68.7)	<0.05
Influenza virus detected	No	Reference
	Yes	0.3 (−2.0 to 2.7)	0.80
Type of illness	AURI	Reference
	Pneumonia	8.1 (6.6 to 9.6)	<0.01
Site of study	Ballabgarh	Reference	–
	Chennai	7.3 (5.2 to 9.4)	<0.01
	Kolkata	0.7 (−2.5 to 1.1)	0.45
	Pune	2.1 (0.2 to 3.9)	<0.05

^*Using generalised linear model with log link and gamma family. AURI, acute upper respiratory illness.