Table 1.
List of included studies
| Studies | Task | Stimuli | N | Mean age (y, range) | Effect size (standard error) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frontal | Parietal | |||||||
| Familiarity | Recollection | Familiarity | Recollection | |||||
| Addante et al. (2012) | Source | Words | 25 | NA | 0.59 (0.08) | 1 (0.14) | 0.13 (0.02) | 1.09 (0.15) |
|
Bader et al. (2010) Definition condition |
Associative | Words | 20 | 23.65 (19-27) | 0.94 (0.15) | 0.04 (0.01) | 0.79 (0.12) | 0.23 (0.04) |
|
Bader et al. (2010) Sentence condition |
Associative | Words | 20 | 23.8 (21-29) | 1.05 (0.17) | -0.28 (0.04) | 1.46 (0.23) | -0.07 (0.01) |
| Brezis et al. (2017) | RK | Words | 23 | NA (18-28) | NA | NA | NA | 0.97 (0.14) |
| Cansino & Trejo-Morales (2008) | Source | Images | 17 | 22.5 (NA) | 1.44 (0.44) | 2.4 (0.42) | -0.85 (0.4) | 3.24 (0.45) |
| Cruse & Wildling (2009) | Source | Words | 21 | 21 (18-27) | NA | NA | NA | 1.7 (0.26) |
| Cruse & Wildling (2011) | Source | Words | 16 | 21 (19-26) | 0.17 (0.03) | 1.45 (0.26) | 1.54 (0.27) | 1.2 (0.21) |
| Cruse (2010) Exp. 1 | Source | Words | 16 | 21 (18-29) | NA | NA | 1.83 (0.32) | 2.38 (0.42) |
| Cruse (2010) Exp. 3 | Source | Words | 21 | 22 (18-30) | NA | NA | NA | 3.1 (0.48) |
| Cruse (2010) Exp. 4 | Source | Words | 16 | 21 (18-27) | NA | NA | 2.17 (0.38) | 1.33 (0.23) |
| Curran & Hancock (2007) | Source | Images | 24 | 21 (18-27) | 0.69 (0.1) | 0.05 (0.01) | -0.39 (0.06) | 0.71 (0.1) |
| De Chastelaine et al. (2009) | RK | Images | 16 | 23 (21-25) | NA | 1.29 (0.23) | NA | NA |
| Gao et al. (2015) Exp. 3 | RK | Images | 14 | NA (19-25) | 3.17 (0.6) | 0.5 (0.09) | 1.52 (0.29) | 1.47 (0.28) |
| Gao et al. (2015) Exp. 4 | RK | Images | 15 | NA (19-27) | 1.93 (0.35) | 1.12 (0.21) | 2.33 (0.43) | 1.59 (0.29) |
| Han et al. (2018) | Associative | Words | 38 | 23.7 (NA) | NA | 1.39 (0.23) | NA | 1.36 (0.16) |
| Hou et al. (2013) | RK | Words | 9 | NA (19-25) | NA | 1.51 (0.36) | NA | 2.04 (0.48) |
| Kamp et al. (2016) | Associative | Words | 38 | 23.33 (19-30) | NA | 0.23 (0.03) | NA | 0.34 (0.04) |
| Kriukova et al. (2013) | Associative | Words | 14 | 23 (19-26) | NA | 1.27 (0.24) | NA | 0.98 (0.19) |
| Leynes & Crawford (2018) | Source | Images | 28 | NA (18-22) | 0.04 (0.06) | 0.14 (0.06) | 0.03 (0.09) | 0.09 (0.06) |
| Leynes & Mok (2017) | Source | Words | 28 | NA (18-22) | 0.11 (0.05) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.28 (0.1) | 0.06 (0.04) |
| Leynes et al. (2017) | Source | Words | 20 | NA (18-22) | 1.03 (0.14) | 0.08 (0.01) | 0.63 (0.09) | 0.44 (0.06) |
| Li et al. (2016) | RK | Words | 20 | 22 (NA) | 0.89 (0.14) | -0.27 (0.04) | 0.55 (0.09) | 0.54 (0.09) |
| Li et al. (2017) | Associative | Words | 16 | 22.31 (19-25) | 0.99 (0.18) | NA | NA | 4.13 (0.73) |
| Li et al. (2019) | Associative | Words | 17 | 23.5 (20-26) | NA | 0.7 (0.12) | NA | NA |
| Lucas et al. (2012) Exp. 1 | RK | Words | 20 | 20.6 (18-23) | NA | 0.43 (0.07) | NA | 0.41 (0.06) |
| Mao et al. (2015) | Source | Images | 17 | 23.4 (NA) | NA | 1.11 (0.19) | NA | 0.81 (0.14) |
| Mollison & Curran (2012) Exp. 1 | Source | Images | 26 | 21.4 (18-28) | -0.12 (0.02) | 0.93 (0.13) | -0.18 (0.02) | 0.91 (0.13) |
| Mollison & Curran (2012) Exp. 2 | Source | Images | 28 | 21.2 (18-28) | 0.9 (0.12) | 0.01 (0) | 0.21 (0.03) | 0.65 (0.09) |
| Mollison & Curran (2012) Exp. 3 | Source | Images | 22 | 20.6 (18-29) | 0.05 (0.01) | 0.17 (0.03) | 0.51 (0.08) | 0.42 (0.06) |
| Rhodes & Donaldson (2008) | Associative | Words | 22 | 21.9 (18-35) | 1.22 (0.18) | 3.32 (0.5) | NA | 5.1 (0.77) |
| Ross et al. (2015) | Source | Words | 60 | 20.7 (18-29) | 0.04 (0) | 0.09 (0.01) | 0.28 (0.03) | 0.23 (0.02) |
| Schaefer et al. (2011) | RK | Images | 27 | 21 (NA) | 0.97 (0.13) | 0.6 (0.08) | 0.22 (0.03) | 0.4 (0.05) |
| Strozak et al. (2016) | RK | Words | 24 | 21.46 (18-29) | 0.3 (0.04) | -0.2 (0.03) | 0.16 (0.02) | 0.21 (0.03) |
| Tibon et al. (2014) | Associative | Images | 33 | 23.3 (21-29) | NA | NA | NA | 1.94 (0.24) |
| Trott et al. (1999) | RK | Words | 16 | NA (21-28) | 1.45 (0.72) | 0.57 (0.65) | -0.21 (1.93) | 3.26 (1.42) |
| Vilberg et al. (2006) | RK | Images | 15 | NA (18-24) | 1.15 (0.21) | NA | NA | 1.4 (0.25) |
| Wang et al. (2012) | RK | Words | 23 | 21 (NA) | 2.3 (0.34) | 0.27 (0.04) | 1.67 (0.25) | 2.44 (0.36) |
| Wang, Mao, Li, Lu et al. (2016a) | Associative | Words | 20 | 22 (NA) | 1.61 (0.25) | NA | NA | 2.89 (0.46) |
| Wang, Mao, Li, Wang et al. (2016b) | Associative | Words | 16 | 22.4 (19-25) | 2.1 (0.37) | NA | NA | 1.47 (0.26) |
| Wilding & Rugg (1996) Exp. 1 | Source | Words | 16 | NA | 0.74 (0.13) | 0.72 (0.13) | 2.49 (0.44) | 0.25 (0.04) |
| Wilding & Rugg (1996) Exp. 2 | Source | Words | 16 | NA | 0.43 (0.08) | 0.45 (0.08) | 0.7 (0.12) | 1.5 (0.26) |
| Wilding (1999) | Source | Words | 17 | 20 (18-26) | 0.9 (0.15) | 2.04 (0.35) | 0.59 (0.1) | 1.65 (0.28) |
| Wolk et al. (2006) | RK | Words | 15 | NA (18-22) | 2.03 (0.37) | NA | NA | 2.06 (0.38) |
| Woodruff et al. (2006) | RK | Words | 16 | NA (18-27) | 0.98 (0.17) | 0.24 (0.04) | 0.91 (0.16) | 2.06 (0.36) |
| Woollams et al. (2008) | RK | Words | 15 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.28 (0.23) |
| Woroch & Gonsalves (2010) | Source | Images | 21 | NA (18-25) | NA | NA | NA | 1.1 (0.17) |
| Yu & Rugg (2010) | RK | Images | 23 | 19.4 (18-22) | 1.85 (0.27) | 0.25 (0.04) | 0.53 (0.08) | 3.35 (0.49) |
Note. Memory tasks used were Remember/Know (RK), source memory, and associative memory. The term NA refers to information that was not reported in the original study