Table 5.
Distribution of NSOFC according to sociodemographic characteristics and their relationship to NSOFC phenotype in Saudi Arabia
| Variable | Sub-phenotypea | P value | NSOFCa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CL | CLP | CP | ||||
| Paternal age | < 40 | 23 (79.3) | 64 (68.8) | 40 (76.9) | 0.43∝ | 127 (72.9) |
| ≥ 40 | 6 (20.7) | 29 (31.2) | 12 (23.1) | 47 (27.1) | ||
| Maternal age | < 35 | 21 (72.4) | 65 (69.9) | 39 (7.50) | 0.805∝ | 125 (71.8) |
| ≥ 35 | 8 (27.6) | 28 (30.1) | 13 (25.0) | 49 (28.2) | ||
| Family income | < 6,000 | 12 (42.9) | 38 (41.8) | 18 (34.6) | 0.663¥ | 68 (39.6) |
| 6,000 – 16,000 | 14 (50.0) | 47 (51.9) | 27 (51.9) | 88 (51.5) | ||
| ≥ 16,000 | 2 (7.1) | 6 (13.5) | 7 (13.5) | 15 (8.8) | ||
| Paternal education level | < High school | 0.096∝ | 35 (20.1) | |||
| ≥ High school | 21 (86.0) | 80 (86.0) | 52 (100.0) | 139 (79.9) | ||
| Maternal education level | < High school | 5 (17.2) | 13 (14.0) | 11 (21.2) | 0.537∝ | 125 (71.8) |
| ≥ High school | 24 (82.8) | 80 (86.0) | 41 (78.8) | 49 (28.2) | ||
| Residency description | Rural | 3 (10.3) | 10 (10.8) | 6 (11.5) | 0.984¥ | 19 (10.9) |
| Urban | 26 (89.7) | 83 (89.2) | 46 (88.5) | 155 (89.1) | ||
| Consanguinity | Yes | 12 (41.4) | 60 (64.5) | 37 (71.2) | 0.025*∝ | 109 (62.6) |
| No | 17 (58.6) | 33 (35.6) | 15 (28.8) | 65 (45.4) | ||
| Family history of NSOFC | Yes | 4 (13.8) | 38 (40.9) | 18 (34.6) | 0.028*∝ | 60 (34.5) |
| No | 25 (86.2) | 55 (59.1) | 34 (65.4) | 114 (73.6) | ||
| Type of Consanguinity | 1st cousins | 11 (61.1) | 42 (77.8) | 26 (70.3) | 0.469¥ | 79 (72.5) |
| 1st cousins once removed | 2 (11.1) | 2 (3.7) | 1 (2.7) | 5 (4.6) | ||
| 2nd cousins | 2 (11.1) | 6 (11.1) | 4 (10.8) | 12 (11.0) | ||
| Same tribe | 3 (16.7) | 4 (7.4) | 6 (16.2) | 13 (11.9) | ||
| Type of consanguinity | 1st cousin | 11 (37.9) | 42 (45.2) | 26 (45.2) | 0.577∝ | 79 (72.4) |
| Other types | 18 (62.1) | 51 (54.8) | 51 (54.8) | 30 (27.5) | ||
| Family history of Consanguinity | Yes | 3 (10.3) | 19 (20.4) | 9 (17.3) | 0.724¥ | 31 (17.8) |
| No | 26 (89.7) | 74 (79.6) | 43 (82.7) | 143 (82.2) | ||
CL cleft lip, CLP cleft lip with palate, CP cleft palate
∝Chi-square Test
¥Fisher Exact Test
aNumber less than the total sample (NSOFC: 174; CL: 31 and CLP: 94) because of missing information