Table 3.
Knowledge Test, Questions Q1 – Q10 responses pooled to give Total Score/10. Descriptive statistics (columns 4–7; N, Mean, StdDev and 95% Confidence Interval) for Control and Intervention Groups
| Selection Property | Group | Descriptive Statistics | t-test for Equality of Means | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean | Std. Dev. | 95% C.I. | t | df | Sig. | |||
| All | All Cases | Control (Sim) | 734 | 5.75 | 2.15 | 0.159 | -1.4 | 1598.4 | 0.169 |
| Intervention (VR) | 1115 | 5.89 | 2.21 | 0.132 | |||||
| Module | Module 1 | Control (Sim) | 157 | 7.85 | 1.49 | 0.238 | -1.8 | 279.8 | 0.080 |
| Intervention (VR) | 267 | 8.10 | 1.23 | 0.150 | |||||
| Module 2 | Control (Sim) | 232 | 5.21 | 1.48 | 0.194 | -0.9 | 527.7 | 0.361 | |
| Intervention (VR) | 327 | 5.33 | 1.65 | 0.182 | |||||
| Module 3 | Control (Sim) | 245 | 4.36 | 1.87 | 0.240 | 0.9 | 484.9 | 0.382 | |
| Intervention (VR) | 364 | 4.23 | 1.68 | 0.176 | |||||
| Module 4 | Control (Sim) | 100 | 7.09 | 1.62 | 0.324 | -0.2 | 219.3 | 0.813 | |
| Intervention (VR) | 157 | 7.14 | 1.71 | 0.273 | |||||
| Survey 2, Section B, Q1-10, total score/ 10 (cohorts 1–6) | |||||||||
| All | All Cases | Control (Sim) | 511 | 6.09 | 2.24 | 0.20 | -9.1 | 928.7 | < 0.001** |
| Intervention (VR) | 810 | 7.16 | 1.84 | 0.13 | |||||
| Module | Module 1 | Control (Sim) | 129 | 7.73 | 1.60 | 0.28 | -4.3 | 194.8 | < 0.001** |
| Intervention (VR) | 223 | 8.41 | 1.07 | 0.14 | |||||
| Module 2 | Control (Sim) | 129 | 5.68 | 1.78 | 0.31 | -6.7 | 235.8 | < 0.001** | |
| Intervention (VR) | 217 | 6.93 | 1.51 | 0.21 | |||||
| Module 3 | Control (Sim) | 183 | 4.92 | 2.14 | 0.32 | -3.9 | 346.2 | < 0.001** | |
| Intervention (VR) | 239 | 5.69 | 1.75 | 0.23 | |||||
| Module 4 | Control (Sim) | 70 | 6.84 | 2.21 | 0.53 | -4.4 | 99.3 | < 0.001** | |
| Intervention (VR) | 131 | 8.13 | 1.40 | 0.24 | |||||
| Survey 3, Section B, Q1-Q10 (cohorts 3, 4 and 6) | |||||||||
| All | All Cases | Control (Sim) | 270 | 5.88 | 2.68 | 0.33 | -0.6 | 570.9 | 0.541 |
| Intervention (VR) | 442 | 6.00 | 2.69 | 0.26 | |||||
| Module 1 | Control (Sim) | 75 | 8.24 | 1.00 | 0.23 | -1.3 | 155.7 | 0.188 | |
| Module | Intervention (VR) | 120 | 8.43 | 0.99 | 0.18 | ||||
| Module 2 | Control (Sim) | 72 | 5.94 | 1.91 | 0.45 | -1.1 | 136.0 | 0.257 | |
| Intervention (VR) | 121 | 6.26 | 1.71 | 0.31 | |||||
| Module 3 | Control (Sim) | 75 | 2.55 | 1.31 | 0.30 | 0.4 | 135.8 | 0.710 | |
| Intervention (VR) | 121 | 2.48 | 1.09 | 0.20 | |||||
| Module 4 | Control (Sim) | 48 | 7.29 | 1.61 | 0.46 | -0.1 | 104.2 | 0.945 | |
| Intervention (VR) | 80 | 7.31 | 1.72 | 0.38 | |||||