Table 6.
Characteristics of the anti-infective therapy in the study population
| Variables | Overall N = 422 patients |
Missing value |
MDRO group N = 188 patients |
MDRO-free group N = 234 patients |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Empirical anti-infective therapy of POP* | |||||
| Monotherapy—n (%) | 76 (18) | 0 | 34 (18) | 42 (18) | 1.000 |
| Carbapenem—n (%) | 7 (2) | 0 | 5 (3) | 2 (1) | 0.249 |
| Piperacillin/tazobactam—n (%) | 61 (15) | 0 | 24 (13) | 37 (16) | 0.458 |
| Two-drug regimen—n (%) | 138 (33) | 0 | 63 (34) | 74 (32) | 0.680 |
| Three-drug regimen—n (%) | 145 (35) | 0 | 65 (35) | 81 (35) | 0.993 |
| Four-drug regimen—n (%) | 56 (13) | 0 | 24 (13) | 32 (14) | 0.784 |
| Carbapenem—n (%) | 116 (28) | 0 | 71 (38) | 45 (19) | < 0.0001 |
| Piperacillin/tazobactam—n (%) | 246 (59) | 0 | 97 (52) | 149 (64) | 0.0124 |
| Aminoglycosides—n (%) | 208 (50) | 0 | 98 (52) | 110 (47) | 0.295 |
| Vancomycin—n (%) | 175 (42) | 0 | 79 (42) | 96 (41) | 0.836 |
| Antifungal therapy—n (%) | 163 (39) | 0 | 68 (36) | 95 (41) | 0.353 |
| Adequacy of empirical antibiotic therapy* | |||||
| Overall adequacy—n (%) | 305 (73) | 0 | 115 (61) | 190 (81) | 0.0001 |
| Adequate monotherapy—n (%) | 44 (10) | 0 | 10 (5) | 34 (15) | 0.002 |
| Carbapenem—n (%) | 3 (1) | 0 | 2 (1) | 1 (0.5) | 0.587 |
| Piperacillin/tazobactam—n (%) | 39 (9) | 0 | 7 (4) | 32 (14) | 0.0003 |
| Adequate combination therapy—n (%) | 261 (62) | 0 | 105 (56) | 156 (67) | 0.026 |
| Two-drug regimen—n (%) | 93 (22) | 0 | 34 (18) | 59 (25) | 0.097 |
| Three-drug regimen—n (%) | 114 (27) | 0 | 50 (27) | 64 (27) | 0.912 |
| Four-drug regimen—n (%) | 50 (12) | 0 | 20 (11) | 30 (13) | 0.546 |
| Carbapenem part of the regimen—n (%) | 91 (22) | 0 | 55 (29) | 36 (15) | 0.0008 |
| Piperacillin/tazobactam part of the regimen—n (%) | 146 (35) | 0 | 46 (24) | 100 (43) | 0.0001 |
| Aminoglycosides part of the regimen—n (%) | 169 (40) | 0 | 72 (38) | 97 (41) | 0.549 |
| Vancomycin part of the regimen—n (%) | 153 (36) | 0 | 64 (34) | 89 (38) | 0.416 |
| Adequacy of EAT depending on the type of microorganisms* | |||||
| Enterobacterales—n (%) | 224 (53) | 0 | 103 (55) | 121 (52) | 0.556 |
| MDR Enterobacterales—n (%) | 95 (23) | 0 | 95 (51) | – | – |
| P. aeruginosa—n (%) | 40 (10) | 0 | 22 (12) | 18 (8) | 0.182 |
| MDR P. aeruginosa—n (%) | 13 (3) | 0 | 13 (7) | – | – |
| Enterococci—n (%) | 153 (36) | 0 | 66 (35) | 87 (37) | 0.684 |
| MDR enterococci—n (%) | 17 (4) | 0 | 17 (9) | – | – |
| Coagulase-positive staphylococci—n (%) | 26 (6) | 0 | 8 (4) | 18 (8) | 0.159 |
| MRSA—n (%) | 5 (1) | 0 | 5 (3) | – | – |
| Documented anti-infective therapy# | |||||
| Monotherapy—n (%) | 135 (32) | 0 | 97 (41) | 38 (20) | < 0.0001 |
| Two-drug regimen—n (%) | 141 (33) | 0 | 77 (33) | 64 (34) | 0.003 |
| Three-drug regimen—n (%) | 110 (26) | 0 | 47 (20) | 63 (34) | 0.654 |
| Four-drug regimen—n (%) | 24 (6) | 0 | 10 (4) | 14 (7) | 0.834 |
| Carbapenem—n (%) | 94 (22) | 0 | 73 (39) | 21 (9) | < 0.0001 |
| Piperacillin/tazobactam—n (%) | 124 (29) | 0 | 50 (27) | 74 (32) | 0.259 |
| Aminoglycosides—n (%) | 58 (14) | 0 | 35 (19) | 23 (10) | 0.009 |
| Vancomycin—n (%) | 121 (29) | 0 | 72 (38) | 49 (21) | < 0.0001 |
| Antifungal therapy—n (%) | 157 (37) | 0 | 74 (39) | 83 (35) | 0.120 |
| Duration of anti-infective therapy—days, median [IQR] | 10 [7–14] | 0 | 10 [7–14] | 10 [7–14] | 0.307 |
*Proportions of the overall population calculated on 420 patients receiving EAT
#Proportions of the overall population calculated on 422 patients receiving documented anti-infective therapy