Table 1.
Preoperative characteristics of 210 patients with ARDS after cardiac surgery grouped by CPB time
| Total | Non-CPB | Short CPB time | Long CPB time | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | |||||
| n (%) | 210 | 55 (26.2) | 77 (36.7) | 78 (37.1) | |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 58.5 ± 13.6 | 65.7 ± 10.7 | 57.9 ± 13.3a | 54.1 ± 13.8b | < 0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 140 (66.7) | 35 (63.6) | 46 (59.7) | 59 (75.6) | 0.135 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 24.7 ± 4.1 | 25.3 ± 3.5 | 23.7 ± 4.3 | 25.3 ± 4.1c | 0.016 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||
| Smoking, n (%) | 80 (38.1) | 22 (40.0) | 23 (29.9) | 35 (44.9) | 0.149 |
| Hypertension | 114 (54.3) | 31 (56.4) | 31 (40.3) | 52 (66.7)c | 0.004 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 44 (21) | 22 (40.0) | 10 (13.0)a | 12 (15.4)b | < 0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 27 (12.9) | 8 (14.5) | 11 (14.3) | 8 (10.3) | 0.687 |
| Chronic lung disease | 14 (6.7) | 5 (9.1) | 3 (3.9) | 6 (7.7) | 0.449 |
| Coronary heart disease | 87 (41.1) | 38 (69.1) | 21 (27.3) a | 28 (35.9) b | < 0.001 |
| Valve disease | 27 (12.9) | 0 (0) | 17 (22.1) | 10 (12.8) | < 0.001 |
| Preoperative LVEF (%), mean ± SD | 60.5 ± 8.9 | 60.2 ± 8.7 | 58.8 ± 10.1 | 62.5 ± 7.4c | 0.031 |
| NYHA grade III-IV, n (%) | 75 (35.7) | 23 (41.8) | 30 (39.0) | 22 (28.2) | 0.206 |
| Preoperative drug therapy, n (%) | |||||
| ACEI | 62 (29.5) | 25 (45.5) | 16 (20.8)a | 21 (26.9) | 0.007 |
| Beta-blocker | 111 (52.9) | 41(74.5) | 35 (45.5)a | 35 (44.9)b | 0.001 |
| CCB | 64 (30.5) | 17 (30.9) | 21 (27.3) | 26 (33.3) | 0.712 |
| Aspirin | 24 (11.4) | 15 (27.3) | 5 (6.5)a | 4 (5.1)b | < 0.001 |
| Statins | 68 (32.4) | 31 (56.4) | 19 (24.7) | 18 (23.1) | < 0.001 |
| Surgery type, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| CABG | 65 (31.1) | 52 (94.5) | 7 (9.1)a | 6 (7.8)b | < 0.001 |
| Valve replacement | 65 (31.1) | 0 (0) | 42 (54.5) a | 23 (29.9) b,c | < 0.001 |
| Ascending aorta replacement | 69 (33.0) | 2 (3.6) | 22 (28.6) a | 45 (58.4) b,c | < 0.001 |
| Other | 10 (4.8) | 1 (1.8) | 6 (7.8) | 3 (3.9) | 0.252 |
| Emergency surgery | 51 | 9 | 16 | 26 | < 0.001 |
| Operation time (h), mean ± SD | 6.2 ± 2.7 | 4.5 ± 1.5 | 5.4 ± 1.8a | 8.1 ± 3.0b,c | < 0.001 |
|
Aortic clamping time (min) median (IQR) |
79.0 (0-116.5) | 0 | 79.0 (62.5–100.0)a | 126.5 (101.2-159.3)b,c | < 0.001 |
| Blood loss, (mL) |
800 (600–1500) |
600 (400–900) |
800 (600–1000) |
1200 (800–1800)b,c |
< 0.001 |
| RBC infusion (U) | 12 (6–20) | 6.0 (4.0–12.0) | 12.0 (6.0-18.5)a | 16.0(8.0–24.0) b | < 0.001 |
| FFP infusion (mL) | 800 (200–1600) | 400 (200–1000) | 800 (300–1600)a | 1000 (400–2050)b | 0.001 |
| PLT infusion (U) | 0 (0–4) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–4)a | 2 (0–4)b | < 0.001 |
a Non CPB vs. short CPB time, P < 0.05; b short CPB time vs. long CPB time (CPB 173 ≥ minutes), P < 0.05; c non CPB vs. long CPB time, P < 0.05; Short CPB time = 0 < CPB < 173 min, long CPB time = CPB 173 ≥ minutes
LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction, NYHA = New York Heart Association, ACEI = angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, CCB = calcium channel blocker, CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting, RBC = red blood cell, FFP = fresh frozen plasm