Table 1.
Overview of the distribution of Toxoplasma gondii isolates and genotypes in Brazil
| T. gondii ID | Genotype ID (ToxoDB) | Genotyping method | Genotype classification | Isolate source | Localization (Brazilian state) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TgCkBr107–116, TgCkBr141–145 | #6, #7, #25, #28, #29, #30, #70, #77, #96, #105 | Nested PCR | 11 Non-archetypal | Free-range chickens | Pará | [121] |
| TgCkBr146–164, TgOvBrRS1–4, TgPkSMBra | #1, #2, #10, #14, #17, #26, #27, #76, #87, #270, #301 | Nested PCR, PCR–RFLP |
1 Archetypal (II), 11 non-archetypal |
Free-range chickens, sheep, pork |
Rio Grande do Sul | [121–123] |
| TgCatBr38–62; TgCatBr64–84; TgCpBr1–36; TgOvBr1–13; TgShBr1–4; TgShBr16–15; TgGtBr1–7, 9–12 | #1–#20, #111, #171, #307 |
Nested PCR; PCR–RFLP |
2 Archetypal (II); 49 non-archetypal; 4 mixed |
Cats, capybaras, sheep | São Paulo | [22–24, 124] |
| TgCkBr210–233, TgCatBrPE01–02 | #2, #3, #59, #60, #61, #62, #146 | PCR–RFLP |
2 Archetypal (II and III), 5 non-archetypal |
Free-range chickens, wild cats |
Fernando de Noronha Island | [125, 126] |
| TgCkBr188–209 | #16, #30, #32, #44, #60, #94–#98 | PCR–RFLP |
10 Non-archetypal, 1 mixed |
Free-range chickens | Mato Grosso do Sul | [127] |
| TgPgBr06–16, TgShBr54, TgShBr124, TgShBr127, TgCkBr284–308, TgCatBr85–89 | #1–#10, #13, #36, #122, #235 | Nested PCR, PCR–RFLP |
14 Non-archetypal, 5 mixed |
Pigs, sheep and free-range chickens, cats |
Bahia | [28, 128–130] |
| TgCTBr1–27, TgWildBrMG1–6 | #8, #11, #13, #36, #41, #67, #108, #162, #206–#212 | PCR–RFLP |
18 Non-archetypal, 1 mixed |
Humans, wild birds | Minas Gerais | [25, 37] |
| TgPgBrRN1–5; TgCkBrRN1–13; TgGtBrRN1; TgGtBr8, 10 | #1–#16, #109, #116, #163 | PCR–RFLP | 8 Non-archetypal | Sheep, goats, pigs and free-range chickens | Rio Grande do Norte | [24, 29] |
| TgCkBr234–250, TgCkBr252–265, TgCkBr267–274, TgCkBr277–281 | #1, #6, #14, #65, #75, #108, #109, #162, #206, #213–#215 | PCR–RFLP | 11 Non-archetypal | Free-range chickens | Espírito Santo | [131] |
| TgCTBral, TgCTBrac, TgCTBrv, TgCtBRca, TgCkBrPr1–18 | #6, #19, #21, #111, #152, #166, #175, #248, #251–#253 | Nested PCR, PCR–RFLP | 12 Non-archetypal |
Humans, free-range chickens |
Paraná | [132, 133] |
| TgHoFBr1, TgMWBr1, TgOncBr1, TgNbaBr1–3, TgCantBr1–3, TgWlpBr1–3, TgSpPBr2, TgLWpBr1, TgSbaBr2 | #6, #11, #175, #195, #196, #231–#239, #241, #246 | PCR–RFLP | 17 Non-archetypal | Wild animals | Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Pernambuco and São Paulo | [134] |
| TgCkBrMA1–5 | #06, #07, #109 | PCR–RFLP | 4 Non-archetypal | Free-range chickens | Maranhão | [135] |
| TgPgBRPB3, 8–14, 16–18, 20–24, 26, 27 | #8, #13, #109, #114, #116, #203, #272–#277 | PCR–RFLP |
11 Non-archetypal, 1 mixed |
Pigs | Paraíba | [136] |
| TgPgBrPI1–16, TgGtBrPI1–9 | #7, #8, #13, #33, #57, #109, #116, #146, #163, #203 | PCR–RFLP | 11 Non-archetypal | Pigs and goats | Piauí | [34] |
| TgCkBrSC1–4 | #10, #26, #53, #278 | PCR–RFLP |
1 Archetypal (I), 3 non-archetypal |
Free-range chickens | Santa Catarina | [137] |
| TgCkAl1–2, TgCTBrAL1 | #146, #162, #279 | PCR–RFLP | 3 Non-archetypal | Free-range chickens, human | Alagoas | [35, 138] |
| TgDgBrMT1–9, TgCatBrMT1, TgPwBrMT1–2, TgCefBrMT1–3, TgBfcuBrMT1, TgAagBrMT1, TgCpBrMT1–2, TgOceBrMT1, TgRhaBrMT1, TgCantBrMT1, TgMduBrMT1, TgLonloBrMT1, TgSAcoBrMT1, TgCpeBrMT1, TgCkBrMT1–51 | #2, #6, #8, #11, #14, #19, #41, #99, #108, #109, #116, #140, #166, #190, #310, #311, #313–#317 | PCR–RFLP |
1 Archetypal (III), 21 non-archetypal, 6 mixed |
Domestic animals, wild animals, humans, free-range chickens | Mato Grosso | [26, 27] |
|
TgCkBrRj2–4, 6, 15, 21, 22, 28; TgCkBr10, 11, 13, 37, 59, 89; TgDgBr6; TgCatBr1 |
#6, #8, #11, #36, #51, #63, #65, #107 | PCR–RFLP | 17 Non-archetypal | Free-range chickens | Rio de Janeiro | [36] |
| TgCkBrGO1–15 | #65 | PCR–RFLP | 1 Non-archetypal | Free-range chickens | Goiás | [139] |
The genotyping analyses were performed using SAG1, SAG2 (5′3′SAG2 and/or alt.SAG2), SAG3, BTUB, dense granule protein 6 (GRA6), c22-8, c29-2, L358, Apico and CS3 loc as the molecular targets
ToxoDB Toxoplasma database, PCR–RFLP polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism