Table 6.

Overview of Quantitative Findings

	Depression						Anxiety				Loneliness	Quality of Life					Mastery
	CES-D	SDS	GDS	BDI	ESC	Misc	SAS	HADS-A	RAID	ESC	ULS	SES	ABS	SIWB	Qol-AD	Misc	PMS	BRS	EIS
Bohlmeijer 200926	↓*																↑*
Hanaoka 201827			↓*
Hanaoka 201128			↓*													NC a
Jo 201529						↓ b										↑* c			↑*
Korte 201230	↓*							↓ *									↑*
Lukow 201331																↑* d
Pearson 200632			↓*			↓* e											↑
Rawtaer 201513		↓*					↓*
Ren 202133											↓*			↑*				↑*
Shellman 200934	↓*
Sherman 198735																↑* f
Smiraglia 201541																↑* g
Stevens-Ratchford 199336				↓*								↑*
Woods 201237															NC	↑ h
Wu 2018 38			↓*				↓*									↑* i
Zauszniew-ski 200439	↓*				↓* j					↓
Zhou 201140			↓*									NC	↑*

Note: ^aLSI-K, life satisfaction index (K); ^bSGDS, Short-form Geriatric Depression Scale; ^cLSI-A, Life satisfaction index (A); ^dMLQ, Meaning in life questionnaire; ^eAPS, accepting the past scale; ^f5F-WEL, Five Factor Wellness Inventory; ^gLSI-Z, Life satisfaction index (Z); ^hEQ-5D, European quality of life 5 dimensions; ^IGHQ, general health questionnaire; ^jReduction in depression significant after 6 weeks but not after 12 weeks. *Significant.

Abbreviations: ↓, decrease; ↑, increase; ABS, affect balance scale; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BRS, Brief Resilience Scale; CES-D, Centre of Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale; EIS – Ego Integrity Scale; ESC- Emotional Symptom Checklist; GDS, geriatric depression scale; HADS-A, hospital anxiety depression scale; MLQ, Meaning in life questionnaire; NC, no change; PMS, Pearlin Mastery Scale (beliefs about control over environment); QoL-AD, Quality of life Alzheimer's Disease; RAID, rating anxiety in dementia; SAS, Zung self-rating anxiety scale; SDS, Zung self-rating depression scale; SES, Rosenberg self-esteem scale; SIWB= Spirituality Index of Well-Being; ULS – UCLA Loneliness Scale – 8.