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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Brain Impair. 2022 May 3;24(3):568–585. doi: 10.1017/BrImp.2022.11

Table 4. |.

Comparison to other studies of moral decision-making and acquired brain injury

Edwards et al., current study Martins et al. 2012 Moretto et 2010 Ciaramelli et al 2007 Koenigs et al. 2007
M age (NC) 38.48 (9.21) 27.98 (5.73) 53.5 (12.6) 57.3 (6.3) 58.4 (9.0)
M age (BI) 38.94 (10.57) 29.31 (5.89) 53.1 (10.8) 55 (6.8) 59.2 (8.7)
M Edu (NC) 15.48 (2.00) 12.68 (3.66) 13.5 (5.7) 12.3 (4) n/a
M Edu (BI) 15.48 (2.19) 12.10 (3.25) 13.3 (4.9) 10 (5) 12.5 (1.9)
M (NC) Prop personal 0.30 0.21 0.32 0.28 ≈0.22
M (BI) Prop personal 0.25 0.47 0.59 0.39 ≈0.43

NC = neurotypical comparison. BI = brain injured. Edu = reflects years of highest degree obtained. Prop = proportion of utilitarian responses. Values = mean(standard deviation). Means for Koenigs et al., were approximated from figures; the authors did not report means and were unable to locate them. Bolded values are intended to highlight the similarity in proportion of utilitarian responses in the current TBI sample with those of neurotypical comparison participants from other studies.

= individuals with frontal lobe injury from TBI; non-frontal injuries excluded.

= individuals with ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) damage.