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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 19.
Published in final edited form as: Educ Sci (Basel). 2022 Dec 26;13(1):23. doi: 10.3390/educsci13010023

Table 1.

Assessment Measures.

Description of
Measure
Source Timeline for
Collection
Cronbach’s
Alpha/Validity
& Reliability
Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire for Adults [33] Pre-intervention (to determine ACE scores of participants) Chronbach’s alpha: 0.88
Reliability: 0.71
PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) [34] Pre- and post-intervention Chronbach’s alpha: 0.97
Reliability: 0.82
Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) [35] Pre- and post-intervention Cronbach’s alpha: 0.79–0.91
Reliability = 0.85
PROMIS Adult Short Form for Sleep Disturbances [36] Pre- and post-intervention Chronbach’s alpha: 0.86
Validity: r = 0.05–0.6
Patient Health Questionnaire for Depressive Symptomology (PHQ-9) [37] Pre- and post-intervention Chronbach’s alpha = 0.835
Reliability = 0.875
Validity = 89.5%
Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) [38] Pre- and post-intervention Chronbach’s alpha = 0.94
Reliability = 0.96
Professional Quality of Life Index (Pro-QOL) [39] Pre- and post-intervention Cronbach’s alpha: 0.90
Reliability = 0.80–0.90
Teachers’ Sense of Self-Efficacy (Short Form) [40] Pre- and post-intervention Cronbach’s alpha: 0.90
Reliability = 0.74
Cortisol salivary assays Salimetrics Laboratories Pre (beginning of week 1)-, mid- (week 3) and post-intervention (end of week 6) Mean accuracy of salivary cortisol testing > 90%
Heart rate variability data HeartMath Institute (Em Wave Pro Plus Software and the HeartMath Inner Balance PPG sensor) Pre- (1 week prior to intervention to establish a baseline), mid- (week 3) and post-intervention (at conclusion of week 6) Pearson correlation between electrocardiogram (ECG) and ear clip pulse plethysmograph (PPG) device (Em Wave Pro Plus) mean resting baseline = 0.997, p < 0.01; RMSSD Pearson correlation = 0.958, p < 0.01