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. 2023 Nov 9;15(2):2274124. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2274124

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© 2023 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.

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Figure 3. — Gut microbiome depletion eliminates the changes of specific bile acids in response to olive oil. (a-c) Heatmap showing the changes in 28 bile acids after olive oil gavage in the ileum of SPF (a), ABX (b) and GF (c) mice (n = 5-6/time point/group). (d-g) Changes in ωMCA and HCA after olive oil gavage in the ileum (d, e), and plasma (f, g) of SPF mice (n = 5-6 per time point). (h) The effect of ωMCA and HCA on GLP-1 secretion in primary ileal cells isolated from SPF mice (n = 3 per group). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001, vs. 0 min or control. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with the Dunnett’s posttest. Abbreviations: ωMCA: ω-muricholic acid; HCA: hyocholic acid.