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. 2023 Nov 9;15(2):2274124. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2274124

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© 2023 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.

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Figure 4. — Bile acid receptor TGR5 but not FXR mediates postprandial GLP-1 response in the circulation and ileum. (a-d) GLP-1 response after olive oil gavage in the plasma (a) and intestinal tissue (b-d) of wild-type (WT) and TGR5 KO mice (n = 5–6/time point/group). (e-h) GLP-1 response after olive oil gavage in the plasma (e) and intestinal tissue (f-h) of WT and FXR KO mice (n = 6/time point/group). (i) The effect of TGR5 or FXR agonists on GLP-1 secretion in primary ileal cells isolated from SPF mice (n = 4 per group). (j, k) The effect of ωMCA and HCA on GLP-1 secretion in primary ileal cells isolated from WT vs. TGR5 KO mice (j) and WT vs. FXR KO mice (k) (n = 4 per group). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001, vs. 0 min or control; ^#P < .05, ^###P < .001, vs. WT mice. Statistical significance was determined by (a-h, j, k) two-way ANOVA with the Dunnett’s posttest or (i) one-way ANOVA with the Dunnett’s posttest.