Table 1.

The production and function of viral-derived circRNAs.

Virus	circRNA	Methods	Ribosome binding	Cellular location	Function and mechanism	Reference(s)
EBV	circEBNA_U, circRPMS1_E4_E3a	circRNAome	IRES	Cytoplasm and nucleus	Fundamental processes during latent infection	[27]
EBV	circBART_1, circBART_2	RNA sequencing	ND	Cytoplasm and nucleus	Tumor virus pathogenesis	[59]
EBV	circrpms1	RNA sequencing	ND	Cytoplasm and n nucleus	EBV-associated gastric carcinoma and RNA-protein interactions	[28,60]
EBV	circlmp2	RNA sequencing	ND	Cytoplasm and nucleus	Inducing and maintaining stemness	[22]
EBV	circbhlf1	circRNAome	ND	Nucleus	Encoded 200 amino acid peptide	[27]
KSHV	circvIRF4, circPAN/K7.3	Biochemistry methods	ND	Cytoplasm, nucleus	Incorporation into KSHV virions	[26]
KSHV	circvIRF4, circPAN/K7.3	RNA sequencing	ND	Cytoplasm, nucleus and polysome	Tumor virus pathogenesis	[59]
KSHV	Kcirc54, Kcirc55, Kcirc97,	Microarrays	ND	ND	ND	[61]
HPV16	circE7	RNA sequencing	ND	Cytoplasm	Tumor virus pathogenesis	[62]
HBV	HBV_circ_1	Sanger sequencing	ND	Cytoplasm	Stimulating tumour growth	[63]
MDV	289 MDV circRNAs	inverse PCRs and existing RNA sequencing data	ND	ND	ND	[64]
MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1/2	3437 circRNAs	RNA sequencing	ND	ND	ND	[65]
GCRV-873	32 GCRV-derived circRNAs	CircRNA-sequencing	ND	ND	Interaction with miRNAs	[66]
MCPyV	circALTO1, circALTO2	RNA sequencing	ND	Cytoplasm	Enhancing transcription of host genes	[67]

Abbreviations: EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; KSHV, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus; ND, not determined.