Figure 9.
An FFAR3 agonist improves mitochondrial network connectivity in E. coli-LF82-infected human organoids. Monolayers of colonic organoids derived from two healthy controls were treated with E. coli-LF82 (MOI = 100, 4 h) ± a co-treatment with the FFAR3 agonist AR420626 (AR: 25 µM). Representative confocal images of MitoTrackerTM (red) and Hoescht (blue) co-stained organoids show the fused mitochondrial network of control organoid cells treated with the FFAR3 agonist alone (a), the puncta-like fragmented mitochondrial network of E. coli-LF82 infected organoid cells (b), and the intermediate fragments of the E. coli-LF82 infected organoids co-treated with the FFAR3 agonist (c) (n, nucleus; *, filamentous mitochondria; arrowhead, fragmented mitochondria). Twenty cells were assessed from four monolayers for semi-quantitative analysis (d). Data are mean ± SEM, * and #, p < .05 compared to control uninfected drug-treated cells (AR) and E. coli-LF82 only infected cells, respectively (two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test) (frag., fragmented mitochondria).