GSH depletion, O2 production and ROS generation assay. a) UV–vis absorption spectra of DTNB treated with GSH alone, GSH + CMS and GSH + H2O2, respectively. Inset: the digital photograph of the corresponding solution. b) The corresponding absorbance at 412 nm vs time for two different treatments (GSH and GSH + CMS). c) Dissolved O2 concentration vs time in solutions with H2O2, CMS and CMS + H2O2, respectively. d) Dissolved O2 concentration vs time in solution with CMS + H2O2 at varied H2O2 concentrations. e) UV–vis absorption spectra of MB in NaHCO3 buffer under different treatments (Blank, H2O2, CMS and CMS + H2O2). Inset: the digital photograph of the corresponding solution. f) The corresponding absorbance at 664 nm vs time for different treatments (Blank, H2O2, CMS and CMS + H2O2). g) ESR spectra of H2O2 and CMS + H2O2 using DMPO as the ·OH trapping agent. h) Schematic diagram of GSH depletion and catalytic H2O2 decomposition feature of CMS with multi-valent Mn.