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. 2023 Oct 16;28(9):3760–3768. doi: 10.1038/s41380-023-02284-9

Fig. 1. Correlogram of key early-life factors, OS biomarkers at 36 weeks of pregnancy and EBP at ages two and four years.

Fig. 1

Key early-life factors are represented as sociodemographic, household composition, and prenatal. Maternal OS biomarkers at 36 weeks of pregnancy are indicated as the OS domain. Emotional and behavioural problems are indicated as the EBP domain. Lines outside of the circle indicate intra-domain correlations. Lines inside the circle indicate inter-domain correlations. For both intra- and inter-domains, Pearson’s correlation limits are  ≤ –0.10 and ≥ 0.10. Red lines indicate positive correlations. Blue lines indicate negative correlations. Maternal education level (lower indicates no university degree). 8-OHdG 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHGua 8-hydroxyguanosine, DP depressive problems, ES emotional symptoms, DSM-5 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Version 5, EBP emotional and behavioural problems, HH household, M maternal, meds medications, PSS Perceived Stress Score, SED socioeconomic disadvantage, SHS secondhand smoke, yrs years.