Table 2.
The prospective associations between maternal OS biomarkers at 36 weeks and total EBP at ages 2 and 4 years.
| Maternal OS Biomarkers | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8-OHGua, ng/mL | 8-OHdG, ng/mL | |||||||
| EBP Outcomes | β (95% CI)* | P | β (95% CI)† | P | β (95% CI)* | P | β (95% CI)† | P |
| CBCL T-score at 2 years | ||||||||
| Total EBP | 0.63 (−0.04, 1.31) | 0.06 | 0.62 (−0.06, 1.30) | 0.07 | 0.07 (−0.81, 0.95) | 0.88 | 0.18 (−0.70, 1.06) | 0.69 |
| DSM-5 Depressive problems | 0.38 (0.10, 0.67) | 0.01 | 0.37 (0.09, 0.65) | 0.01 | 0.34 (−0.07, 0.76) | 0.10 | 0.38 (−0.03, 0.80) | 0.07 |
| SDQ score at 4 years | ||||||||
| Total EBP | 0.42 (0.10, 0.73) | 0.01 | 0.38 (0.07, 0.69) | 0.02 | 0.08 (−0.35, 0.51) | 0.71 | 0.12 (−0.30, 0.53) | 0.59 |
| Emotional symptoms | 0.14 (0.02, 0.25) | 0.02 | 0.13 (0.01, 0.24) | 0.03 | 0.09 (−0.06, 0.25) | 0.22 | 0.09 (−0.06, 0.24) | 0.23 |
8-OHdG 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHGua 8-hydroxyguanosine, CBCL Child Behavior Checklist, CI confidence interval, DSM-5 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Version 5, EBP emotional and behavioural problems, ng/mL 1 nanograms per millilitre, OS oxidative stress, SDQ Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.
*Minimally adjusted for child’s sex, gestational age at urine collection, and child’s age at the time of behavioural assessment.
†Fully adjusted additionally for maternal age and household income.