Skip to main content
. 2023 Nov 28;9(12):e22852. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22852

Table 1.

Design of variables.

Construct Item Explanation
Customer expectations EX1 General expectation of popular science tourist attractions
EX2 The general expectation of Guangzhou HEMC
EX3 Expectations of features/cultural and creative products



Perceived catering quality CA1 Food and beverage safety and hygiene
CA2 Reasonable food and beverage prices
CA3 Convenience of food and beverage distribution



Perceived accommodation quality AC1 Comfort of accommodation environment
AC2 Accommodation price rationality
AC3 Accommodation distribution convenience



Perceived transportation quality TR1 Accessibility of transportation to Guangzhou HEMC
TR2 The convenience of internal transportation conditions
TR3 Traffic comfort or parking convenience



Perceived environment quality EN1 Satisfaction with human and natural landscape
EN2 Satisfaction with popular science tourism resources
EN3 Satisfaction with environmental health status
EN4 Satisfaction with safety facilities
EN5 Satisfaction with congestion in scenic spots



Perceived service quality SE1 Satisfaction with science knowledge explanation of staff
SE2 Satisfaction with service attitude of staff
SE3 Satisfaction with infrastructure set reasonable



Perceived value PV1 Satisfaction with pricing of scenic products and services
PV2 Satisfaction with the quality of popular science tourism products and services
PV3 Expanded knowledge, understood science popularization more profoundly



Customer satisfaction SA1 The overall satisfaction with popular science tourism in Guangzhou HEMC
SA2 Satisfaction comaired with the expected gap
SA3 Satisfaction compared with other popular science tourism attractions



Customer complaints CO1 The possibility of complaining to the scenic area
CO2 The possibility of filing a complaint with local authorities
CO3 The possibility of expressing dissatisfaction with popular science products



Customer loyalty LO1 The possibility of future revisits
LO2 The likelihood of referral to relatives and friends
LO3 The likelihood of publishing to the Internet to promote popular science tourism

The table explains what each item of each variable represents. The first-order variables, including perceived catering quality, perceived accommodation quality, perceived transportation quality, perceived environment quality and perceived service quality are subsumed under the second-order variable of “perceived quality”.