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. 2023 Dec 18;13:22623. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-49649-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Influence of age and hypertension on HRV parameters in young, middle-aged, and older participants. For each group of samples (CON, HTN), each bar represents the average means of the parameters within the corresponding age range. RR R–R intervals, TP total power, LF low frequency, HF high frequency, LF/HF LF to HF ratio, LF% normalized LF, AW wakefulness, nREM nonrapid eye movement sleep, CON control group, HTN hypertension group. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, two-way ANOVA. *p < 0.05 HTN vs. CON. (A) p < 0.05 main effect of age, vs. 30–39; (B) p < 0.05 main effect of age, vs. 40–59. HTN vs. CON p < 0.05 main effect of HTN.