Table 2:
Characteristics of KTR and cross-sectional associations with poor sleep quality (PSQI score >5).
| Logistic regression analyses adjusted for sex | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| KTR, N = 872 | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| Demographics | |||
| Female sex, n (%)a | 339 (39) | 1.89 (1.43 to 2.50) | <.001 |
| Age, years | 56 ± 13 | 1.00 (0.87 to 1.15) | .9 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27 ± 5 | 1.08 (0.94 to 1.23) | .3 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 241 (28) | 1.32 (0.97 to 1.79) | .07 |
| Anemia, n (%) | 272 (31) | 1.07 (0.80 to 1.44) | .7 |
| Sleep apnea syndrome, n (%) | 37 (4) | 0.98 (0.49 to 1.98) | .9 |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 51 (6) | 1.23 (0.69 to 2.20) | .5 |
| Partnered, n (%) | 692 (79) | 0.83 (0.59 to 1.17) | .3 |
| Anxiety total scoreb | 30 (23 to 37) | 1.93 (1.65 to 2.26) | <.001 |
| Educational level, n (%) | |||
| Low | 131 (19) | 1 (reference) | |
| Medium | 308 (46) | 1.03 (0.74 to 1.42) | .9 |
| High | 236 (35) | 0.89 (0.63 to 1.27) | .5 |
| Lifestyle factors | |||
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||
| Never | 414 (47) | 1 (reference) | |
| Past smoker | 348 (30) | 1.33 (0.99 to 1.78) | .06 |
| Active smoker | 110 (13) | 1.59 (1.04 to 2.43) | .03 |
| Alcohol intake, n (%) | |||
| None | 335 (38) | 1 (reference) | |
| <7 units/week | 349 (40) | 1.02 (0.75 to 1.39) | .9 |
| ≥7 units/week | 188 (22) | 0.98 (0.67 to 1.43) | .9 |
| Coffee consumption, n per day (%)c | 3 (2 to 4) | 0.96 (0.83 to 1.11) | .6 |
| Protein intake, g/day | 84 ± 22 | 0.85 (0.73 to 0.99) | .04 |
| Physically inactive lifestyle, n (%) | 344 (45) | 1.46 (1.09 to 1.97) | .01 |
| Transplant-specific characteristics | |||
| Time after transplantation, yearsb | 3 (1 to 10) | 0.87 (0.76 to 1.00) | .06 |
| Pre-emptive transplantation, n (%) | 323 (37) | 1.12 (0.84 to 1.49) | .4 |
| Living donor, n (%) | 500 (57) | 1.02 (0.77 to 1.35) | .9 |
| Spirometry assessment | |||
| Airflow limitation, n (%) | 195 (26) | 1.15 (0.82 to 1.61) | .4 |
| Laboratory measurements | |||
| Hemoglobin, mmol/L | 8.6 ± 1.1 | 0.97 (0.84 to 1.12) | .7 |
| Leukocyte count, 109/L | 7.6 ± 2.3 | 1.03 (0.89 to 1.18) | .7 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/Lb | 1.9 (0.7 to 4.4) | 1.12 (0.98 to 1.29) | .1 |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 140 ± 3 | 0.88 (0.76 to 1.01) | .07 |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 4.0 ± 0.4 | 1.09 (0.94 to 1.25) | .3 |
| Creatinine, µmol/L | 123 (102 to 152) | 0.99 (0.86 to 1.15) | .9 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 52 ± 18 | 1.04 (0.91 to 1.20) | .6 |
| Urea, mmol/L | 9.4 ± 4.9 | 0.99 (0.86 to 1.13) | .8 |
| Calcium, mmol/L | 2.4 ± 0.1 | 1.00 (0.87 to 1.15) | 1.0 |
| Phosphate, mmol/L | 0.92 ± 0.20 | 1.11 (0.96 to 1.28) | .2 |
| Magnesium, mmol/L | 0.74 ± 0.09 | 0.82 (0.71 to 0.94) | .006 |
| Albumin, g/L | 43 ± 3 | 1.01 (0.88 to 1.16) | .9 |
| NT-proBNP, ng/Lb | 207 (92 to 511) | 0.92 (0.80 to 1.06) | .3 |
| Medication use | |||
| Prednisolone, n (%) | 850 (98) | 1.19 (0.49 to 2.91) | .7 |
| Calcineurin inhibitor, n (%) | 722 (83) | 1.74 (1.18 to 2.56) | .005 |
| Proliferation inhibitor, n (%) | 748 (86) | 1.17 (0.78 to 1.74) | .4 |
| mTOR inhibitor, n (%) | 35 (4) | 0.43 (0.19 to 0.97) | .04 |
| Antidepressants, n (%) | 51 (6) | 1.07 (0.60 to 1.91) | .8 |
| Benzodiazepine agonists, n (%) | 59 (7) | 5.84 (3.07 to 11.03) | <.001 |
| Melatonin agonists, n (%) | 2 (0.2) | 1.45 (0.09 to 24.12) | .8 |
aResults for univariable analysis.
bVariables are log2 transformed in logistic regression analyses.
cVariable is square root–transformed in logistic regression analyses.
Normally distributed data were presented as mean ± standard deviation, non-normally distributed data as median (interquartile range) and categorical data were presented as number (valid %). ORs for continuous variables are presented per 1 SD increase. Data regarding coffee consumption, protein intake, physically inactive lifestyle and airflow limitation were missing in 40 (5%), 87 (10%), 104 (12%) and 119 (14%) KTR, respectively. Other variables were missing in <3% of the KTR.
NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide.