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. 2023 Dec 19;9(1):90. doi: 10.1038/s41537-023-00416-2

Table 2.

Excess famine mortality and cases of schizophrenia (in reverse chronological order).

Country Period Death toll (million) Births at risk (1000s) Case_Aa Case_Bb Ratio_A (%) Ratio_B (%)
China 1959–61 30 40,000 200,000 160,000 0.67 0.53
Netherlands 1944–45 0.02 13 65 62 0.33 0.31
Leningrad 1941–43 0.7 100 500 400 0.07 0.06
Ukraine 1932–33 3.6 600 3000 2400 0.08 0.07
Ireland 1846–50 1 900 4500 3000 0.45 0.30

Ratio = Schizophrenia cases as percentage of excess deaths toll.

aCase_A estimates of the extra cases of schizophrenia using the increase in the odds of developing the disease (d), the prevalence of the disease in normal times (p), and the number of births at risk due to foetal exposure (B).

bCase_B follows Case_A’s estimates but assumes loss rates of 5% among schizophrenia cases for the Netherlands, 20% for China, Ukraine, Leningrad, and one-third for Ireland.