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. 2023 Dec 19;13:22634. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-49441-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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CC patients that respond to chemoradiotherapy exhibit a high survival percentage, high immune cell infiltration, and lower PD-1 score than non-responder patients. (a) Kaplan–Meier survival curves highlight the higher percentage of overall survival in R than NR patients (NR, n = 34 and R, n = 38). Patients with lymph node invasion (N1; NR, n = 48 and R, n = 24) and metastasis (M1, NR, n = 49 and R, n = 23) displayed lower survival. (b) Representative images of low and high stromal TILs stained by H&E. Black outlining separates the TILs area considered. Scale bar = 200 μm. Morphometric analysis in H&E-stained slides illustrated by violin plot showed a higher TILs percentage in the R than NR group (Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, p = ≤ 0.0001; NR, n = 24 and R, n = 25) and when segregated by low and high stromal TILs (Mann–Whitney test, p = ≤ 0.0001; NR low, n = 15; NR high, n = 9; R low, n = 13 and R high, n = 12). (c) Images of PD-1⁺ stromal TILs IHC-stained (arrows) in low (1), medium (2), and high (3) scores. Scale bar = 50 μm. The bar graph represents the percentages of NR and R patients when comparing the scores of 0 or 1 and 2 or 3 (Fischer’s exact test, RR = 0.7349; OR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.2958–0.9404, p = 0.0416; NR, n = 24 and R, n = 26). CC, Cervical Cancer; NR, non-responder (Red) patients; R, responder (Blue) patients; TILs, Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; H&E, Hematoxylin & Eosin; HR, Hazard Ratio; RR, Relative risk; OD, Odds ratio; CI, Confidence interval; N, Local lymph node invasion at diagnosis (NX, not evaluated; N0, absent; N1, present); M, Distant metastasis at diagnosis (MX, not evaluated; M0, absent; M1, present).