Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants by different diseases (N = 16,149)a.
| Variable | Breast cancer | Coronary heart disease | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (N = 516) | No (N = 15,633) | P | Yes (N = 472) | No (N = 15,677) | P | |
| Age (year) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| < 50 | 35 (6.8) | 7,284 (46.6) | 30 (6.4) | 7,289 (46.5) | ||
| ≥50 | 481 (93.2) | 8,349 (53.4) | 442 (93.6) | 8,388 (53.5) | ||
| Marital status | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Married | 255 (56.9) | 7,609 (54.9) | 187 (44.4) | 7,677 (55.2) | ||
| Unmarried | 261 (43.1) | 8,024 (45.1) | 285 (55.6) | 8,000 (44.8) | ||
| Race/ethnicity | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 328 (85.5) | 7,350 (71.6) | 302 (80.0) | 7,376 (71.8) | ||
| Non-Hispanic black | 86 (6.9) | 3,353 (10.8) | 70 (7.1) | 3,369 (10.7) | ||
| Mexican American | 45 (2.8) | 2,258 (6.3) | 44 (2.7) | 2,259 (6.3) | ||
| Other | 57 (4.8) | 2,672 (11.3) | 56 (10.3) | 2,673 (11.1) | ||
| Education level | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Below high school | 102 (12.3) | 3,366 (13.6) | 164 (27.1) | 3,304 (13.2) | ||
| High school or equivalent | 118 (24.2) | 3,476 (22.8) | 137 (31.0) | 3,457 (22.6) | ||
| Above high school | 296 (63.5) | 8,791 (63.6) | 171 (41.9) | 8,916 (64.2) | ||
| Poverty to income ratio | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| ≤1 | 76 (8.3) | 2,990 (13.4) | 114 (16.7) | 2,952 (13.1) | ||
| 1–3 | 212 (35.4) | 6,516 (35.3) | 239 (49.3) | 6,489 (35.0) | ||
| ≥3 | 228 (56.3) | 6,127 (51.3) | 119 (34.0) | 6,236 (51.9) | ||
| Hypertension | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 302 (51.3) | 6,155 (34.1) | 381 (80.7) | 6,076 (33.4) | ||
| No | 214 (48.7) | 9,478 (65.9) | 91 (19.3) | 9,601 (66.6) | ||
| Hypercholesterolemia | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 268 (48.6) | 5,954 (36.1) | 361 (77.2) | 5,861 (35.5) | ||
| No | 248 (51.4) | 9,679 (63.9) | 111 (22.8) | 9,816 (64.5) | ||
| Diabetes | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 106 (15.8) | 2,100 (9.7) | 178 (38.5) | 2,028 (9.2) | ||
| No | 410 (84.2) | 13,533 (90.3) | 294 (61.5) | 13,649 (90.8) | ||
| Smoking | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 220 (43.0) | 5,878 (40.1) | 249 (55.4) | 5,849 (39.8) | ||
| No | 296 (57.0) | 9,755 (59.9) | 223 (44.6) | 9,828 (60.2) | ||
| Alcohol intake | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 284 (62.3) | 9,052 (65.5) | 216 (49.8) | 9,120 (65.8) | ||
| No | 232 (37.7) | 6,581 (34.5) | 256 (50.2) | 6,557 (34.2) | ||
| Physical activity | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 237 (52.8) | 7,926 (57.5) | 165 (43.9) | 7,998 (57.7) | ||
| No | 279 (47.2) | 7,707 (42.5) | 307 (56.1) | 7,679 (42.3) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.8 ± 6.7 | 29.2 ± 7.6 | <0.001 | 30.0 ± 6.9 | 29.2 ± 7.5 | <0.001 |
| Energy (kcal) | 1,745.8 ± 630.2 | 1,903.2 ± 725.4 | <0.001 | 1,577.3 ± 695.8 | 1,807.2 ± 722.4 | <0.001 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 211.8 ± 91.3 | 218.9 ± 97.8 | <0.001 | 197.1 ± 84.9 | 219.3 ± 97.9 | <0.001 |
| Protein (g) | 61.1 (47.0,82.3) | 64.6 (47.3,85.3) | <0.001 | 55.7 (48.8,70.9) | 64.7 (47.6,85.6) | <0.001 |
| Total fat (g) | 61.7 (46.3,85.5) | 64.4 (44.7,89.3) | <0.001 | 56.0 (38.4,75.5) | 64.7 (45.0,89.5) | <0.001 |
| Fiber (g) | 13.9 (9.9,20.0) | 13.4 (8.9,19.2) | <0.001 | 11.8 (8.4,17.5) | 13.5 (9.0,19.3) | <0.001 |
| Folate (µg) | 315.0 (214.0,413.0) | 308.0 (215.0,444.0) | <0.001 | 278.0 (186.0,402.0) | 310.0 (215.0,444.0) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B12 (µg) | 3.4 (1.9,5.6) | 3.3 (1.9,5.3) | <0.001 | 2.8 (1.7,4.4) | 3.3 (1.9,5.3) | <0.001 |
| Sodium (g) | 2.7 (2.0,3.4) | 2.8 (2.0,3.7) | <0.001 | 2.4 (1.7,3.2) | 2.8 (2.0,3.7) | <0.001 |
| Caffeine (mg) | 116.0 (27.0,239.0) | 115.0 (29.0,231.0) | <0.001 | 105.0 (11.0,225.0) | 115.0 (30.0,232.0) | <0.001 |
Unmarried: single (never married), separated, divorced, widowed, or domestic partner; BMI, body mass index.
a
Continuous variables were represented by weighted mean ± standard error or weighted median (interquartile range), and categorical variables were represented by unweighted numbers (weighted percentage, %).