Table 1.
Soil properties of different coffee cropping systems and adjacent forest in northern Thailand.
| Study site |
Soil properties |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pH | EC (μS cm−1) | TC (g kg−1) | C/N | |
| 0–20 cm | ||||
| F* | 5.77 b | 41.70 b | 24.8 b | 12.96 a |
| C | 5.83 b | 54.23 b | 18.4 b | 11.18 ab |
| FC | 6.05 a | 103.60 a | 33.9 a | 12.34 ab |
| CH | 5.69 b | 45.13 b | 17.6 b | 10.39 b |
| 20–40 cm | ||||
| F | 5.69 b | 23.60 b | 14.70 a | 11.14 b |
| C | 5.92 ab | 50.07 a | 13.63 a | 14.33 a |
| FC | 6.23 a | 58.47 a | 14.77 a | 11.39 b |
| CH | 5.67 b | 46.87 a | 10.74 b | 9.52 b |
*F: mixed deciduous forest, C: coffee monoculture, FC: coffee agroforestry, CH: coffee associated with persimmon Mean and different letters within a row of values indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05).