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. 2023 Nov 27;9(12):e22733. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22733

Table 2.

Problems Classification and characteristics of GVRP publications.

Reference Year Class Fleet mix Objective Function Constraints Mathematical model Solution Approach
Exact Heuristic Metaheuristic
[24] 2012 Time window HO C Cap, TW, MTT
[42] 2014 Flexible fleet size HO D Cap
[23] 2014 Flexible fleet size HO C Cap
[39] 2015 Stochastic HO D Cap
[40] 2016 Stochastic C C, ResC Cap
[28] 2017 Time window HO TC Cap, TW, MTT
[29] 2017 Time window HO TC Cap, TW, MTT
[38] 2018 Multi-level HO TC, HC, CC Cap, MTT
[41] 2018 Stochastic HO TC, ResC Cap
[27] 2018 Pickup and delivery, Time window HO TC, CD Cap, TW
[36] 2019 Split delivery HO D Cap
[30] 2019 Time window, Stochastic HO TC, RecC Cap, TW, MTT
[25] 2019 Pickup and delivery, Time window HO Du Cap, TW
[26] 2019 Time window Du TW
[32] 2019 Time window HO TC Cap, CCap, TW, MTT
[31] 2020 Time window, Stochastic HO Du, RecC Cap, TW
[33] 2021 Time window HO TC Cap, CCap, TW, SL
[34] 2022 Time window HO D Cap, TW, Ch

Objectives [TC: Traveling Cost, D: Distance, Du: Duration, HC: Handling Cost, ResC: Restocking cost, RecC: Recourse Cost, GTC: Ground Transportation Cost, MTC: Maritime Transportation Cost, CD: Customer Dissatisfaction, P: Penalty for parcels not delivered, VFC: Vehicle Fixed Cost, CC: Connection Cost, Battery charge constraint].

Constraints [Cap: Capacity, CCap: Customer Capacity, TW: Time Windows, MTT: Maximum Travel Time, SL: Satisfaction Level, Ch: Charging constraint].

Fleet Mix [HO: Homogeneous].