Table 1.
Global diarrheal deaths attributable to unsafe water in 1990 and 2019 and the temporal trend from 1990 to 2019.
| Regions | 1990 Counts (thousand) | Age standardized rate (per 100,000 population), 1990 | Crude rate (per 100,000 population), 1990 | 2019 Counts (thousand) | Age standardized rate (per 100,000 population), 2019 | Crude rate (per 100,000 population), 2019 | Average annual percent change | % change in number between 1990 and 2019 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global | 2442.1 (1765 to 3,147) | 49.1 (34.5 to 65) | 45.6 (33 to 58.8) | 1230.2 (817.8 to 1788.9) | 16.8 (11.3 to 24.1) | 15.9 (10.6 to 23.1) | −3.69 (−3.91 to −3.47) | −0.5 (−0.62 to −0.3) |
| High SDI | 2.8 (1.5 to 4.4) | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.6) | 0.3 (0.2 to 0.5) | 1.9 (0.7 to 3.6) | 0.1 (0 to 0.2) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.4) | −4.84 (−5.03 to −4.64) | −0.33 (−0.65 to 0.05) |
| High-middle SDI | 52.2 (36 to 67.8) | 5.2 (3.6 to 6.8) | 4.5 (3.1 to 5.9) | 16.5 (8.9 to 26.3) | 1 (0.6 to 1.6) | 1.2 (0.6 to 1.8) | −5.51 (−5.68 to −5.34) | −0.68 (−0.77 to −0.57) |
| Middle SDI | 382.5 (273.7 to 485.1) | 29.6 (19.9 to 41.4) | 22.3 (15.9 to 28.3) | 137.7 (78 to 218.1) | 7 (4 to 11.1) | 5.7 (3.3 to 9.1) | −4.88 (−5.04 to −4.72) | −0.64 (−0.74 to −0.52) |
| Low-middle SDI | 1126.9 (803.7 to 1490.6) | 148 (97.4 to 205.4) | 99.8 (71.1 to 132) | 500.8 (303.9 to 790.7) | 41.6 (24.5 to 67.2) | 28.4 (17.2 to 44.8) | −4.38 (−4.85 to −3.9) | −0.56 (−0.7 to −0.34) |
| Low SDI | 876.6 (635.1 to 1132.6) | 211.4 (131.1 to 295.2) | 166 (120.3 to 214.5) | 572.6 (404.9 to 778.3) | 79 (51.9 to 116.9) | 50.7 (35.9 to 69) | −3.36 (−3.51 to −3.2) | −0.35 (−0.5 to −0.07) |
| Andean Latin America | 8.8 (5.8 to 11.7) | 20.9 (13.3 to 29.6) | 23 (15.1 to 30.6) | 1.4 (0.7 to 2.4) | 2.5 (1.2 to 4.3) | 2.3 (1.1 to 3.8) | −7.5 (−7.87 to −7.13) | −0.84 (−0.9 to −0.75) |
| Australasia | 0 (0 to 0) | 0.1 (0 to 0.1) | 0.1 (0 to 0.1) | 0.1 (0 to 0.1) | 0.1 (0 to 0.2) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.4) | 2.07 (1.61 to 2.53) | 3.79 (2.21 to 5.93) |
| Caribbean | 12.5 (9.2 to 15.9) | 32.5 (23.8 to 42) | 35.4 (26.1 to 45) | 4.5 (2.6 to 6.8) | 10.6 (5.9 to 16.5) | 9.6 (5.5 to 14.5) | −4.54 (−5.89 to −3.16) | −0.64 (−0.77 to −0.47) |
| Central Asia | 9.9 (6.2 to 12.9) | 10.7 (6.7 to 13.9) | 14.3 (9 to 18.6) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.3) | 1 (0.5 to 1.4) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.4) | −8.13 (−8.56 to −7.7) | −0.91 (−0.94 to −0.88) |
| Central Europe | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.7) | 0.6 (0.4 to 0.8) | 0.4 (0.3 to 0.6) | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.5) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.3) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.4) | −4.48 (−5.09 to −3.87) | −0.47 (−0.66 to −0.25) |
| Central Latin America | 38.7 (27.3 to 47.5) | 24.5 (17.3 to 29.8) | 23.6 (16.6 to 28.9) | 7 (4.2 to 9.8) | 3.1 (1.9 to 4.4) | 2.8 (1.7 to 3.9) | −6.95 (−7.11 to −6.79) | −0.82 (−0.86 to −0.77) |
| Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 74.2 (46.5 to 108) | 143.9 (92.8 to 210.9) | 133.6 (83.8 to 194.6) | 49.5 (29.8 to 74.7) | 55.9 (34.8 to 89.8) | 37.6 (22.7 to 56.8) | −3.14 (−3.29 to −2.98) | −0.33 (−0.54 to −0.05) |
| East Asia | 76.5 (57 to 96.7) | 7.1 (5.2 to 9) | 6.2 (4.6 to 7.9) | 3.4 (1.8 to 5.6) | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.4) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.4) | −10.69 (−10.98 to −10.4) | −0.96 (−0.97 to −0.93) |
| Eastern Europe | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.5) | 0.6 (0.4 to 0.9) | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.7) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.3) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.2) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.2) | −6.05 (−6.7 to −5.39) | −0.8 (−0.85 to −0.75) |
| Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 278.9 (203.7 to 359.1) | 172 (105.1 to 255.1) | 146.6 (107.1 to 188.8) | 152.5 (103.6 to 207.1) | 59 (34.9 to 88.8) | 37 (25.2 to 50.3) | −3.57 (−3.84 to −3.29) | −0.45 (−0.61 to −0.21) |
| High-income Asia Pacific | 0.4 (0.1 to 0.7) | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.5) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.4) | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.4) | 0.1 (0 to 0.2) | 0.4 (0.1 to 0.7) | −2.53 (−2.89 to −2.17) | 0.75 (0.12 to 1.59) |
| High-income North America | 0.1 (0 to 0.2) | 0 (0 to 0.1) | 0 (0 to 0.1) | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.9) | 0.1 (0 to 0.1) | 0.1 (0 to 0.3) | 2.93 (2.19 to 3.67) | 3.8 (2.13 to 6.31) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 87.9 (59.8 to 125.2) | 18.9 (12.8 to 26.8) | 25.5 (17.3 to 36.3) | 21 (12.1 to 32.1) | 4 (2.3 to 5.9) | 3.4 (2 to 5.3) | −5.14 (−5.4 to −4.88) | −0.76 (−0.83 to −0.68) |
| Oceania | 2.7 (1.9 to 3.6) | 79.2 (50.9 to 118.9) | 41.1 (28.6 to 55.6) | 3.1 (2 to 4.6) | 42.3 (25.2 to 66.6) | 23.6 (15.1 to 34.3) | −2.15 (−2.22 to −2.08) | 0.18 (−0.14 to 0.57) |
| South Asia | 1150.3 (792.4 to 1548.2) | 201.8 (127.1 to 286) | 104.8 (72.2 to 141) | 606.7 (336 to 1006.9) | 54.1 (29.6 to 89.3) | 33.6 (18.6 to 55.8) | −4.58 (−4.82 to −4.33) | −0.47 (−0.64 to −0.21) |
| Southeast Asia | 198.7 (133.1 to 279.1) | 59.3 (37.3 to 86.8) | 42.6 (28.5 to 59.8) | 68.2 (39.7 to 105.2) | 13.8 (7.9 to 21.4) | 10.1 (5.9 to 15.6) | −4.87 (−4.99 to −4.75) | −0.66 (−0.78 to −0.5) |
| Southern Latin America | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.4) | 2.4 (1.7 to 3) | 2.3 (1.6 to 2.8) | 0.5 (0.2 to 0.8) | 0.6 (0.3 to 1) | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.1) | −4.52 (−5.06 to −3.98) | −0.57 (−0.73 to −0.42) |
| Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 24.7 (17.5 to 32.9) | 56.6 (37.9 to 81.5) | 47 (33.4 to 62.7) | 16 (9.6 to 24.8) | 27.7 (16.3 to 45.1) | 20.3 (12.3 to 31.5) | −2.47 (−2.73 to −2.21) | −0.35 (−0.51 to −0.19) |
| Tropical Latin America | 33.7 (24.4 to 43.2) | 23 (16.7 to 28.8) | 22 (15.9 to 28.3) | 4.4 (2.6 to 6) | 2.2 (1.3 to 2.9) | 2 (1.2 to 2.7) | −7.85 (−8.15 to −7.56) | −0.87 (−0.91 to −0.83) |
| Western Europe | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.5) | 0 (0 to 0.1) | 0.1 (0 to 0.1) | 0.5 (0.2 to 1) | 0 (0 to 0.1) | 0.1 (0 to 0.2) | −0.56 (−1.03 to −0.08) | 0.97 (0.46 to 1.51) |
| Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 441.3 (293.4 to 593) | 206.6 (132.8 to 285.5) | 229.1 (152.4 to 307.9) | 288.7 (204.7 to 381.8) | 72.4 (49.6 to 103.2) | 63.3 (44.9 to 83.7) | −3.58 (−3.84 to −3.32) | −0.35 (−0.55 to −0.01) |