Table 1. Key features of the study sample at the baseline.

Proportion (%)		All	Men	Women
Job status
	Regular employees	41.4	63.9	20.1
	Non-regular employees	19.6	6.8	31.7
	Self-employed workers	12.4	20.1	5.2
	Family workers and others	7.3	2.7	11.6
	Non-workers	19.3	6.5	31.5
Education level
	Junior high school	17.3	17.8	16.9
	High school	53.2	48.0	58.1
	Junior college	6.7	2.3	10.9
	College or above	8.2	8.4	7.9
	Unanswered	14.7	23.6	6.3
Poor self-rated health		4.5	4.7	4.4
Smoking		30.4	48.9	13.0
Heavy alcohol consumption		4.7	8.7	0.8
Married		83.3	84.5	82.2
Age (yr)
	Mean	54.7	54.7	54.7
	Standard deviation	(2.7)	(2.7)	(2.7)
Household spending (monthly, household-size-adjusted, 1,000 JPY)
	Mean	187.7	193.9	181.7
	Standard deviation	(191.3)	(215.5)	(164.6)
N		33,420	16,249	17,171