Table 3. Experimental results on the splash-preventive effects of various protectors averaged transmitted particles and penetration (N=12).

Type	Size range [μm]	Transmitted particles [particles/cm3] (logarithmic mean)		Penetration [%] (average ± 68% CI)
		Front	Side	Front	Side
(a) Surgical mask (non‐woven fabric)	Total	0.2	1.34	35 ± 8	58 ± 8
	0.3<	0.18	0.4	42 ± 9	59 ± 9
	0.5<	0.01	0.15	25 ± 8	57 ± 7
	1<	0.02	0.17	-	-
	2<	0.024	0.14	-	-
	5<	0.002	0.008	-	-
(b) Surgical mask, exposed nose (EN) (non‐woven fabric)	Total	0.72	1.33	42 ± 9	63 ± 7
	0.3<	0.29	0.43	36 ± 8	55 ± 8
	0.5<	0.094	0.72	43 ± 9	52 ± 9
	1<	0.07	0.17	-	-
	2<	0.054	0.18	-	-
	5<	0.0004	0.01	-	-
(c) Cloth mask (urethane)	Total	0.44	1.93	51 ± 9	80 ± 6
	0.3<	0.29	1.19	50 ± 9	80 ± 7
	0.5<	0.03	0.21	40 ± 10	67 ± 7
	1<	0.051	0.15	-	-
	2<	0.037	0.097	-	-
	5<	0.002	0.005	-	-
(d) Neck guard	Total	1.19	1.34	65 ± 9	76 ± 8
	0.3<	0.99	0.65	67 ± 9	67 ± 9
	0.5<	0.14	0.12	55 ± 9	60 ± 9
	1<	0.067	0.11	-	-
	2<	0.043	0.1	-	-
	5<	0.004	0.009	-	-
(e) Mouth guard	Total	0.39	1.24	50 ± 10	60 ± 10
	0.3<	0.28	0.38	40 ± 10	50 ± 10
	0.5<	0.054	0.15	50 ± 10	50 ± 10
	1<	0.036	0.11	-	-
	2<	0.034	0.09	-	-
	5<	0.003	0.008	-	-
(f) Face shield	Total	0.63	0.54	50 ± 10	50 ± 10
	0.3<	0.23	0.18	42 ± 9	41 ± 9
	0.5<	0.056	0.12	40 ± 10	50 ± 9
	1<	0.074	0.15	-	-
	2<	0.07	0.12	-	-
	5<	0.003	0.005	-	-
(g) Disposable type DS2	Total	0.027	0.32	11 ± 5	30 ± 10
	0.3<	0.031	0.18	15 ± 6	17 ± 7
	0.5<	0.012	0.037	15 ± 6	20 ± 9
	1<	0.016	0.066	-	-
	2<	0.022	0.1	-	-
	5<	0.002	0.004	-	-
(h) Disposable type (with exhaust valve) DS2-EV	Total	0.057	0.19	19 ± 7	30 ± 10
	0.3<	0.031	0.062	19 ± 7	30 ± 10
	0.5<	0.015	0.033	17 ± 5	9 ± 4
	1<	0.022	0.14	-	-
	2<	0.016	0.14	-	-
	5<	0.002	0.008	-	-
(i) Replaceable type RS2	Total	0.04	0.35	13 ± 5	20 ± 10
	0.3<	0.014	0.15	16 ± 8	19 ± 8
	0.5<	0.019	0.15	12 ± 5	23 ± 9
	1<	0.041	0.22	-	-
	2<	0.05	0.19	-	-
	5<	0.002	0.008	-	-

CI: confidence interval.