. 2023 Dec 20;32(170):230004. doi: 10.1183/16000617.0004-2023

TABLE 2.

Overview of randomised controlled trials on bronchoscopic lung volume reduction

Trial	Design	Treated (n)	Emphysema and CV	Follow-up (months)	FEV₁		RV		6MWD		SGRQ		Advantage	Risk
Trial	Design	Treated (n)	Emphysema and CV	Follow-up (months)	%	R (%)	mL	R (%)	m	R (%)	Points	R (%)	Advantage	Risk
Drug-eluting transbronchial stent
EASE, 2011 [61]	Multicentre double-blind, sham-controlled, 2:1	208	Homogeneous	6	−1.5^#	/	−61^#	/	−7^#	/	−2^#	/	Possible in CV+ Large short-term effect	Low stent patency Severe respiratory adverse events
EBV: Pulmonx
VENT, 2010 [64]	Multicentre, 2:1	220	Heterogeneous No fissure or CV assessment	6	+7^¶	24	/	/	+19^¶	25	−3.4^¶	/	FDA approved Reversible	Pneumothorax Granulation tissue
BeLieVer-HiFi, 2015 [65]	Single-centre double-blind, sham-controlled, 1:1	25	Heterogeneous Visual fissure intact	3	+9^#,¶	39	−260^#	48	+25^#,¶	52	−4.4^#	48
STELVIO, 2015 [66]	Single-centre, 1:1	34	Hetero- and homogeneous Chartis CV−	6	+18^¶	72	−831^¶	71	+74^¶	87	−14.7^¶	79
IMPACT, 2016 [67]	Multicentre, 1:1	43	Homogeneous Chartis CV−	3	+17^¶	42	−480^¶	44	+40^¶	48	−9.64^¶	68
TRANSFORM, 2017 [10]	Multicentre, 2:1	65	Heterogeneous Chartis CV−	6	+29^¶	66	−670^¶	68	+79^¶	65	−6.5^¶	66
LIBERATE, 2018 [11]	Multicentre, 2:1	128	Heterogeneous Chartis CV−	12	+18^¶	56	−522^¶	62	+39^¶	42	−7,05^¶	56
EBV: Spiration Valve System
REACH, 2018 [68]	Multicentre, 2:1	66	Heterogeneous Visual fissure intact	6	+91 mL^#,¶	41	−420^#	66	+21^#,¶	/	−8.4^#,¶	/	FDA approved Reversible	Severe respiratory adverse events: exacerbations, pneumothorax Granulation tissue
EMPROVE, 2019 [69]	Multicentre, 2:1	113	Heterogeneous Visual fissure intact	6	+101 mL^¶	37	−361^¶	51	+7	32	−13^¶	54	FDA approved Reversible
AeriSeal sealant
ASPIRE, 2015 [70]	Multicentre, 3:2	34	Heterogeneous upper lobe-predominant	6	+19^#,¶	52	/	/	+31^#,¶	52	−12^#,¶	76	Possible in CV+ Low pneumothorax risk No foreign body	Severe respiratory adverse events: acute inflammatory response, exacerbations, pneumonia
Endobronchial coils
RESET, 2013 [71]	Multicentre, 1:1	23	Heterogeneous and homogeneous	3	+11^¶	57	−310^¶	57	+64^¶	74	−8.4^¶	65	Possible in CV+ and/or homogeneous emphysema Low pneumothorax risk	Staged treatment Not in clinical airway disease Severe respiratory adverse events: coil-associated opacity, exacerbations, pneumonia Granulation tissue
REVOLENS, 2016 [72]	Multicentre, 1:1	50	Heterogeneous and homogeneous	6	+11^¶	/	−370^¶	/	+21	36	−13.4^¶	/
RENEW, 2016 [73]	Multicentre, 1:1	158	Heterogeneous and homogeneous	12	+7^¶	/	−310^¶	/	+15^¶	40	−8.9^¶	61
ELEVATE, 2021 [74]	Multicentre, 2:1	57	Heterogeneous and homogeneous	6	+10^¶	42	−460^¶	50	/	/	−10.6^¶	57
Thermal vapour ablation
STEP-UP, 2016 [75]	Multicentre, 2:1	46	Heterogeneous upper lobe-predominant	6	+15^¶	50	−303^¶	/	+31	42	−9.7^¶	70	Possible in CV+ Low pneumothorax risk No foreign body	Staged treatment Severe respiratory adverse events: exacerbations, pneumonia, pneumonitis

Outcome results (FEV₁, RV, 6MWD and SGRQ) are presented as between-group difference in change from baseline (treated versus standard of care). The reported response rate (R) is shown as % in the per protocol population, unless only the response rate of the intention-to-treat population was reported (in RESET, REVOLENS and RENEW). For the minimal clinically important differences used, we refer to the specific study reports. FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; RV: residual volume; 6MWD: 6-min walk distance; SGRQ: St George's Respiratory Questionnaire; CV: collateral ventilation; CV−: absence of CV; CV+: presence of CV; EBV: endobronchial valve; FDA: US Food and Drug Administration. ^#: results presented as change from baseline in the treated group; ^¶: significant between-group difference or significant difference between treated and standard of care group, p<0.05.