Figure 4. Baseline Treatment Selection Accuracy Without AI Models and Percentage Point Differences in Accuracy Across Clinical Vignette Settings.

Baseline treatment selection accuracy indicates accurate administration of antibiotics, diuretics, and/or steroids after reviewing vignettes of patients with acute respiratory failure without AI model input; correct model, treatment accuracy when shown vignette with correct AI model diagnostic predictions of heart failure, pneumonia, and/or COPD; correct model plus explanations, treatment accuracy when shown a vignette with correct AI model diagnostic predictions and an image-based AI explanation of the model’s reason for making a prediction; incorrect model, treatment accuracy when shown a vignette with incorrect AI model diagnostic predictions; and incorrect model plus explanation, treatment accuracy when shown incorrect AI model diagnostic predictions and explanations.

Subgroup analysis included treatment selection accuracy specific to antibiotics, intravenous diuretics, and steroids. Treatment selection accuracy and percentage point differences in accuracy were determined by calculating predictive margins and contrasts across vignette settings after fitting a cross-classified generalized random-effects model of treatment selection accuracy across settings.