Table 5.
Comparison of medical history by racial/ethnic groups in cluster 2 (Younger age, Midlevel SES)
| Variable | White (n = 58) |
African American (n = 23) |
Hispanic (n = 56) |
ANOVA p |
Post-hoc comparison p |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W versus AA | W versus H | H versus AA | |||||
| Age, y | 62.4 (7.1) | 61.0 (10.4) | 63.3 (9.3) | 0.567 | |||
| Hollingshead SES | 27.0 (13.3) | 36.5 (12.9) | 47.6 (18.3) | <0.001 | 0.037 | <0.001 | 0.013 |
| Education, y | 16.3 (2.7) | 14.2 (2.4) | 12.8 (3.9) | <0.001 | 0.022 | <0.001 | 0.211 |
| Sex, % Female | 51.7 | 69.6 | 76.8 | 0.017 | 0.320 | 0.019 | 0.573 |
| Total medical co-morbidities | 3.6 (1.5) | 2.6 (1.5) | 2.8 (1.5) | 0.004 | 0.022 | 0.010 | 0.904 |
| mCAIDE | 4.4 (3.9) | 5.5 (3.1) | 6.4 (3.6) | 0.017 | 0.413 | 0.012 | 0.625 |
| Self-reported physical health | 1.9 (0.6) | 1.7 (0.6) | 1.9 (0.6) | 0.526 | |||
| Self-reported mental health | 1.9 (0.7) | 1.6 (0.6) | 1.8 (0.4) | 0.146 | |||
| HADS-Anxiety | 4.2 (2.9) | 4.2 (2.8) | 4.4 (3.2) | 0.932 | |||
| HADS-Depression | 3.4 (2.5) | 4.2 (2.8) | 4.6 (3.5) | 0.110 | |||
| MoCA | 24.4 (5.1) | 22.0 (5.8) | 22.8 (5.3) | 0.114 | |||
| AD8 | 1.3 (1.7) | 0.9 (1.5) | 1.2 (1.4) | 0.661 | |||
| Mini Cog | 2.9 (1.4) | 2.6 (1.3) | 2.6 (1.3) | 0.569 | |||
| Animal Naming | 20.7 (8.0) | 18.1 (6.6) | 17.2 (5.8) | 0.058 | |||
| Trailmaking A, s | 46.8 (45.0) | 36.7 (16.9) | 47.9 (25.4) | 0.470 | |||
| mPPT | 13.2 (2.0) | 12.4 (3.5) | 13.4 (1.3) | 0.150 | |||
| Mean grip strength, kg | 66.9 (25.2) | 68.0 (27.0) | 57.2 (28.4) | 0.214 | |||
| Metabolic age | 50.1 (20.5) | 62.2 (23.5) | 55.7 (18.8) | 0.060 | |||
| Muscle mass, kg | 112.4 (26.5) | 102.1 (24.0) | 91.5 (20.2) | <0.001 | 0.211 | <0.001 | 0.204 |
| Mean arterial pressure | 115.4 (13.5) | 116.5 (18.0) | 113.0 (13.9) | 0.650 | |||
| Diabetes, % | 6.9 | 4.3 | 8.9 | 0.767 | |||
| Hypertension, % | 17.5 | 34.8 | 25.5 | 0.226 | |||
Cluster 2 composition: 35.8% White (W), 35.4% African American (AA) and 38.1% Hispanic (H). Mean (SD) or %. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Tukey honestly significant tests were used to analyze continuous variables. Chi-square tests with post-hoc Benjamini-Hochberg correction were used for categorical variables.
Bold indicates significant p-values.
SES, socioeconomic status; mCAIDE, modified Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; mPPT, mini-Physical Performance Test; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment.