Table 6.
Comparison of medical history by racial/ethnic groups in cluster 3 (Older age, High SES)
| Variable | White (n = 81) |
African American (n = 25) |
Hispanic (n = 23) |
ANOVA p |
Post-hoc comparison p |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W versus AA | W versus H | H versus B | |||||
| Age, y | 72.9 (7.7) | 71.8 (8.1) | 70.4 (7.5) | 0.383 | |||
| Hollingshead SES | 23.4 (9.9) | 30.8 (10.9) | 30.1 (12.0) | 0.002 | 0.008 | 0.021 | 0.976 |
| Education, y | 17.1 (2.1) | 15.5 (2.1) | 16.3 (2.6) | 0.008 | 0.007 | 0.291 | 0.454 |
| Sex, % Female | 53.1 | 88.0 | 60.9 | 0.007 | 0.006 | 0.636 | 0.069 |
| Total medical co-morbidities | 7.7 (2.4) | 8.4 (2.8) | 7.2 (2.0) | 0.196 | |||
| mCAIDE | 7.5 (3.7) | 8.2 (3.5) | 7.3 (3.1) | 0.596 | |||
| Self-reported physical health | 1.9 (0.6) | 2.2 (0.6) | 2.2 (0.6) | 0.026 | 0.064 | 0.114 | 0.988 |
| Self-reported mental health | 1.7 (0.5) | 1.8 (0.4) | 1.9 (0.6) | 0.160 | |||
| HADS-Anxiety | 4.2 (2.5) | 4.9 (3.0) | 5.6 (3.1) | 0.091 | |||
| HADS-Depression | 4.1 (3.2) | 4.6 (3.5) | 5.7 (3.2) | 0.090 | |||
| MoCA | 25.3 (3.6) | 22.2 (6.5) | 23.0 (3.7) | 0.004 | 0.008 | 0.077 | 0.817 |
| AD8 | 1.3 (1.6) | 1.4 (1.8) | 2.0 (2.0) | 0.222 | |||
| Mini Cog | 3.1 (1.2) | 2.7 (1.3) | 3.1 (1.1) | 0.290 | |||
| Animal Naming | 18.2 (5.9) | 16.5 (7.4) | 17.2 (5.3) | 0.591 | |||
| Trailmaking A, s | 34.2 (10.0) | 50.1 (40.5) | 42.8 (18.8) | 0.026 | 0.024 | 0.326 | 0.554 |
| mPPT | 12.3 (2.5) | 10.3 (3.4) | 12.9 (1.6) | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.607 | 0.002 |
| Mean grip strength, kg | 58.3 (26.1) | 55.3 (18.8) | 56.3 (26.0) | 0.899 | |||
| Metabolic age | 54.9 (19.8) | 71.1 (17.3) | 66.9 (17.5) | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.024 | 0.718 |
| Muscle mass, kg | 108.2 (22.8) | 100.3 (15.5) | 97.5 (19.6) | 0.057 | |||
| Mean arterial pressure | 118.9 (14.4) | 119.4 (14.5) | 113.1 (12.9) | 0.412 | |||
| Diabetes, % | 5.0 | 40.0 | 34.8 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.772 |
| Hypertension, % | 47.4 | 68.0 | 74.0 | 0.019 | 0.101 | 0.058 | 0.756 |
Cluster 3 Composition: 50.0% White (W), 38.5% African American (AA) and 15.6% Hispanic (H). Mean (SD) or %. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Tukey honestly significant tests were used to analyze continuous variables. Chi-square tests with post-hoc Benjamini-Hochberg correction were used for categorical variables.
Bold indicates significant p-values.
SES, socioeconomic status; mCAIDE, modified Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; mPPT, mini-Physical Performance Test; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment.