| Toxoflavin and Fervenulin |
Food samples and Tremella fuciformis Berk |
UPLC–MS/MS |
Separation
column: ZORBAX SB-C18 column; oven
temp: 35 °C; mobile phase: 0.1% formic acid+ methanol; flow rate
0.4 mL min–1
|
Detection limits (μg/kg)
Toxoflavin 12 |
(152) |
| Fervenulin 24 Toxin
level (mg/kg) Toxoflavin: 7.5; fervenulin:
3.2 |
| Ricin |
Soft drinks and serum |
Surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry |
Pulsed Smartbeam II 2 kHz laser; wavelength 355 nm (∼3.49
eV); frequency 1000 Hz; delayed extraction time 350 ns for proteins |
Limit of detection 0.5 pmol/μL |
(195) |
| Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids |
LC–MS/MS |
Tea |
UPHPLC with Quadrupole mass spectrometer; C18 Hypersil
Gold
column fitted; gradient elution |
Total PA levels 13.4
to 286,682.2 μg/kg d.m |
(196) |
| Ptaquiloside |
LC–MS/MS |
Bracken fern |
LC–MS/MS;
C18 column; gradient elution; column temperature
35 °C; electrospray positive ionization |
Limits
of detection 0.03 and quantification 0.09 μg/kg |
(197) |
| Furanocoumarin |
UPLC–MS/MS |
Citrus sp. |
Nexcol C18 column; column
temp 40 °C; gradient elution;
positive electrospray ionization |
Compound recovery 94.07–114.53% |
(198) |
| Amygdalin |
LC–MS/MS |
Kernels and Almonds |
LC–MS/MS equipped with 6500
quadruple linear ion trap
(QTRAP) mass spectrometer and electrospray ionization |
Recovery 90–107%; limit of detection 0. Ng/g and limit of quantitation 8 and 2.5 ng/g |
(199) |
| Pyrrolizidine alkaloids |
quadrupole orbitrap MS |
Honey |
Polar C18 column; temp 40 °C; mobile phase
flow rate of
400 μL min–1
|
Limit
of quantification 0.1–0.3 μg
kg–1
|
(200) |
| MS detection with positive ionization mode; scan range 250–500 m/z and 70 k (fwhm) |
| Pyrrolizidine alkaloids |
quadrupole orbitrap
MS |
Black and green tea |
Polar
C18 column; temp 40 °C; mobile phase flow rate of
400 μL min–1
|
Limit
of quantification 1–11.7 μg
kg–1
|
(200) |
| MS detection with positive ionization mode; scan range 250–500 m/z and 70 k (fwhm) |
| Pyrrolizidine alkaloids |
quadrupole orbitrap
MS |
Herbal infusion |
Polar
C18 column; temp 40 °C; mobile phase flow rate of
400 μL min–1
|
Limit
of quantification 0.9–2.1 μg
kg–1
|
(200) |
| MS detection with positive ionization mode; scan range 250–500 m/z and 70 k (fwhm) |
