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. 2023 Dec 7;36(12):1834–1863. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00241

Table 7. Detection of Emerging Toxins from Food and Water Samples by MS.

Name Sample Method Operating parameters Outcome Ref
Cypermethrin Baby food liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry Gradient elution; negative ionization mode; capillary temperature 300 °C and heater 305 °C Detection concentration in baby food 10.3 μg kg–1 (208)
Parabens Surface water UHPLC–MS/MS LC-18 column; column temp 40 °C; gradient elution; capillary voltage −3.0 kV Limit of detection 0.04 ng L–1 and Limit of quantification 0.82 ng L–1 (209)
Bisphenol Water GS–MS/MS Temperature transfer line 250 °C; ion source 230 °C and quadrupole 150 °C. solvent delay 4.5 min; electron ionization (EI) mode (70 eV) Recovery 81.8% −96.1%; limit of detection was 0.2 ng L–1 (210)
Parabens water GS–MS/MS Temperature transfer line 250 °C; ion source 230 °C and quadrupole 150 °C. solvent delay 4.5 min; electron ionization (EI) mode (70 eV) Recovery 81.8% −96.1%; limit of detection was 0.2 ng L–1 (210)
Triclosan water GS–MS/MS Temperature transfer line 250 °C; ion source 230 °C and quadrupole 150 °C. solvent delay 4.5 min; electron ionization (EI) mode (70 eV) Recovery 81.8% −96.1%; limit of detection was 0.2 ng L–1 (210)
Neonicotinoids vegetables QuEChERS-Portable MS PDESI as ion source; ultrapure helium (≥99.999%) as carrier gas; inlet temperature 200 °C; molecular pump speed was 1375 Hz Limit of detection 2.0 ng g–1 recovery 82.2% −109.7% (211)
Carbamates Vegetables QuEChERS-Portable MS PDESI as ion source; ultrapure helium (≥99.999%) as carrier gas; inlet temperature 200 °C; molecular pump speed was 1375 Hz Limit of detection 2.0 ng g–1 recovery 82.2% −109.7% (211)
Phenyl Pyrazole Vegetables QuEChERS-Portable MS PDESI as ion source; ultrapure helium (≥99.999%) as carrier gas; inlet temperature 200 °C; molecular pump speed was 1375 Hz Limit of detection 2.0 ng g–1 recovery 82.2% −109.7% (211)
Pesticides Fruits and vegetables QuEChERS-LC–MS Sciex QTRAP 5500 triple quadrupole MS; positive electrospray ionization; ion source temperature 550 °C 24 pesticides detected distinctly (212)
Pesticides Milk LC-LTQ/Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry Separation with reverse phase C18 column; positive ionization mode; spray voltage 4 kV; auxiliary gas flow rate 10 arbitrary units; tube lens 90 V, capillary temperature 320 °C Limit of detection 0.2–8.1 μg kg–1 and quantification 0.61–24.8 μg kg–1 (213)