Table 3.

Prevalence and adjusted OR (95% CI) of depressive symptoms by daytime napping

Variables	Depressive symptoms (%)	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Total sample
Daytime napping
Non-nappers	6699 (4.6)	1.00	1.00	1.00
Nappers	10,087 (5.7)	1.31 (1.13, 1.51)***	1.28 (1.11, 1.49)**	1.28 (1.10, 1.48)**
Good-quality sleepers
Daytime napping				–
Non-nappers	4595 (2.1%)	1.00	1.00	–
Nappers	6835 (3.2%)	1.60 (1.25, 2.04)***	1.57 (1.23, 2.01)***	–
Poor-quality sleepers
Daytime napping				–
Non-nappers	2104 (10.1%)	1.00	1.00	–
Nappers	3252 (11.0%)	1.15 (0.96, 1.39)	1.13 (0.94, 1.36)	–

Model 1: adjusting for sex, age, education level, occupation, personal income, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, support from family members, and contacts with relatives and friends;

Model 2: additionally adjusting for BMI, presence of chronic diseases, and self-rated health;

Model 3: additionally adjusting for daytime napping or nighttime sleep quality

* P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001