Table 2.
The association between the EAT-Lancet reference diet score and incident cancer risk
| All incident cancer diagnoses |
Breast cancer |
Colorectal cancer |
Prostate cancer |
|||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |||||||||||||||
| EAT-Lancet reference diet score | Number of cases | Model 1 a | Model 2 b | Number of cases | Model 1 a | Model 2 b | Model 3a c | Model 3b d | Number of cases | Model 1 a | Model 2 b | Model 3a | Model 3b d | Number of cases | Model 1 a | Model 2 b | Model 3a | Model 3b d |
| Continuous, 0-11 | 46,594 | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) | 8,516 | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 5,120 | 0.98 (0.96–1.00) | 0.98 (0.96–1.00) | – | 0.98 (0.97–1.00) | 10,150 | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | – | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) |
| Low adherence, 0-4 | 22,871 | Ref. | Ref. | 3,919 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | 2,508 | Ref. | Ref. | – | Ref. | 5,173 | Ref. | Ref. | – | Ref. |
| Moderate adherence, 5-7 | 21,693 | 0.98 (0.96–1.00) | 0.98 (0.96–1.00) | 4,140 | 0.98 (0.93–1.02) | 0.98 (0.94–1.02) | 0.98 (0.93–1.02) | 0.98 (0.93–1.02) | 2,396 | 1.00 (0.94–1.05) | 1.00 (0.94–1.05) | – | 1.00 (0.94–1.05) | 4,595 | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | – | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) |
| High adherence, 8-11 | 2,030 | 0.90 (0.86–0.94) | 0.91 (0.87–0.95) | 457 | 0.93 (0.85–1.03) | 0.94 (0.85–1.04) | 0.94 (0.85–1.03) | 0.94 (0.85–1.04) | 216 | 0.90 (0.78–1.03) | 0.90 (0.78–1.03) | – | 0.90 (0.78–1.03) | 382 | 0.94 (0.85–1.05) | 0.94 (0.85–1.04) | – | 0.93 (0.84–1.03) |
Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio. In analyses with breast and prostate cancer as outcomes, only participants with reported sex as female and male, respectively, were included.
Model based on age, sex, and region.
Model based on age, sex, and region plus further adjustment for smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, highest level of attained education, Townsend deprivation index, and alcohol intake status.
Model based on age, sex, region, smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, highest level of attained education, Townsend deprivation index, and alcohol intake status (Model 2), further adjusted for reproductive factors.
Model based on age, sex, region, smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, highest level of attained education, Townsend deprivation index and alcohol intake status (Model 2), further adjusted for first-degree family history, cancer screening attendance, and time since screening attendance for the respective cancer.