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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 31.
Published in final edited form as: Toxicol Sci. 2023 May 31;193(2):192–203. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad040

Table 4. Optimizing Solid Phase Extraction to Improve Hormone Recovery.

Matrix Effects Study using 13C6 labeled thyroid hormones as surrogates, pre- and post- spiked samples at 1.00 ng/g in A, B and C. Recovery %, Matrix Effect % and Process Efficiency % are as defined in text.

A. Evaluation of Evolute Express AX 60 mg cartridges using the manufacturer’s recommended method. Recovery was poor, <50% for all 3 hormone analytes.

T3-13C6 rT3-13C6 T4-13C6

Recovery % 46 41 35
Matrix Effects % (ME) 99 110 112
Process Efficiency (%) 45 45 37

B. Recovery and process efficiency increases using Evolute Express AX 60 mg cartridges with an optimized wash step (2.0% formic acid in dichloromethane) and nitrogen evaporation in salinized glass tubes.

T3-13C6 rT3-13C6 T4-13C6

Recovery % 62 58 63
Matrix Effects % (ME) 98 91 100
Process Efficiency (%) 70 62 73

C. Further enhancement of recovery using Evolute Express AX 60 mg cartridges with an optimized wash step (2.0% formic acid in dichloromethane) and nitrogen evaporation in low retention polypropylene tubes versus salinized glass tubes used in B. Recovery improved relative to conditions tallied in B.

T3-13C6 rT3-13C6 T4-13C6

Recovery % 80 78 82
Matrix Effects % (ME) 98 91 100
Process Efficiency (%) 88 82 92