Table 1. Baseline clinical and imaging characteristics based on presence of nonischemic late gadolinium enhancement.
| Characteristic | Whole cohort (n = 525) | LGE negative (n = 187) | LGE positive (n = 338) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 43.1 ± 14.2 | 42.0 ± 14.1 | 43.8 ± 14.2 | 0.18 |
| Male, No. (%) | 159 (30.5) | 29 (15.5) | 130 (38.9) | < 0.001 |
| BSA, mean (SD), m2 | 1.93 ± 0.27 | 1.86 ± 0.27 | 1.97 ± 0.26 | < 0.001 |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 28.7 ± 7.7 | 28.2 ± 8.4 | 29.0 ± 7.2 | 0.25 |
| Hypertension, No. (%) | 177 (33.7) | 55 (29.4) | 122 (36.1) | 0.12 |
| Hyperlipidemia, No. (%) | 148 (28.2) | 39 (20.9) | 109 (32.2) | 0.005 |
| Diabetes mellitus, No. (%) | 44 (8.4) | 16 (8.6) | 28 (8.3) | 0.91 |
| Nonobstructive coronary artery disease, No. (%) | 38 (7.2) | 13 (7.0) | 25 (7.4) | 0.85 |
| Stroke, No. (%) | 10 (1.9) | 4 (2.1) | 6 (1.8) | 0.75 |
| Heart failure history, No. (%) | 37 (7.0) | 12 (6.4) | 25 (7.4) | 0.68 |
| Pharmacotherapy, No. (%) | ||||
| Antiplatelets | 138 (26.3) | 38 (20.3) | 100 (29.6) | 0.02 |
| Beta blockers | 176 (33.5) | 55 (29.4) | 121 (35.8) | 0.14 |
| ACE-inhibitors | 74 (14.1) | 19 (10.2) | 55 (16.3) | 0.054 |
| Angiotensin receptor blockers | 38 (7.2) | 11 (5.9) | 27 (8.0) | 0.37 |
| Antiarrhythmics | 42 (8.0) | 16 (8.6) | 26 (7.7) | 0.73 |
| Diuretics | 69 (13.1) | 17 (9.1) | 52 (15.4) | 0.04 |
| Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists | 11 (2.1) | 4 (2.1) | 7 (2.1) | 0.96 |
| Scan Indications, No. (%) | ||||
| Arrhythmia/palpitations/syncope | 237 (45.1) | 81 (43.3) | 156 (46.2) | 0.53 |
| Chest pain/Dyspnea | 154 (29.3) | 66 (35.3) | 88 (26.0) | 0.03 |
| Myocarditis/pericarditis | 57 (10.9) | 23 (12.3) | 34 (10.1) | 0.44 |
| Aortic valve/aortic assessment | 37 (7.0) | 10 (5.3) | 27 (8.0) | 0.26 |
| Family history of cardiomyopathy/SCD | 33 (6.3) | 10 (5.3) | 23 (6.8) | 0.51 |
| Other | 74 (14.1) | 24 (12.8) | 50 (14.8) | 0.54 |
| CMR parameters, mean (SD) | ||||
| LVEDVI, ml/m2 | 69.7 ± 14.9 | 68.5 ± 14.2 | 70.3 ± 15.2 | 0.18 |
| LVESVI, ml/m2 | 26.0 ± 7.8 | 25.5 ± 7.2 | 26.3 ± 8.1 | 0.25 |
| LVEF, % | 63.0 ± 6.4 | 63.0 ± 6.0 | 63.0 ± 6.6 | 0.98 |
| LVSVI, ml/m2 | 43.6 ± 9.4 | 43.0 ± 9.1 | 44.0 ± 9.6 | 0.25 |
| LAVI, ml/m2 | 39.5 ± 10.6 | 38.9 ± 10.9 | 39.8 ± 10.4 | 0.36 |
| LGE presence, No. (%) | 338 (64.3) | 0 | 338 (100) | |
| Isolated RVIP, No. (%) | 80 (23.7) | |||
| LGE midwall, No. (%) | 253 (74.6) | |||
| LGE subepicardial, No. (%) | 25 (7.4) | |||
| AHA segments with LGE, median (IQR) | 2 (1–2) | |||
| Most frequently involved AHA segments, No. (%) | ||||
| Basal inferoseptum | 214 (63.3) | |||
| Mid inferoseptum | 201 (59.5) | |||
| Basal inferolateral wall | 76 (22.5) | |||
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; AHA, American Heart Association; BMI, body mass index; BSA, body surface area; CMR, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging; IQR, interquartile range; LAVI, left atrial volume index; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; LVEDVI, left ventricular end-diastolic volume index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESVI, left ventricular end-systolic volume index; LVSVI, left ventricular stroke volume index; RVIP, right ventricular insertion point; SCD, sudden cardiac death; SD, standard deviation.