Table 3. Association between body mass index trajectories and all-cause mortality.

Male aged over 60	Death, number of death/ number of participants %	Model 1a		Model 2b
		HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
Obesity, stable	324/549, 59%	1.14*	1.01, 1.28	1.26***	1.12, 1.42
Overweight, stable	1544/2958, 52%	0.93*	0.87, 0.99	0.98	0.91, 1.04
Mid-normal weight, stable	1947/3582, 54%	1	referent	1	referent
low-normal weight, stable	683/1057, 65%	1.31***	1.20, 1.43	1.21***	1.11, 1.32
Male aged 40–60	Death, number of death/ number of participants %	Model 1a		Model 2b
		HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
Obesity, increasing	298/1983, 15%	1.46***	1.29, 1.65	1.40***	1.24, 1.58
Overweight, increasing	1255/10557, 12%	1.11**	1.03, 1.20	1.11**	1.04, 1.20
Mid-normal weight, increasing	1754/10357, 17%	1	referent	1	referent
low-normal weight, increasing	680/4943, 14%	1.30***	1.19, 1.42	1.21***	1.11, 1.32
Female aged over 60	Death, number of death/ number of participants %	Model 1a		Model 2b
		HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
Obesity, stable	180/417, 43%	1.16	0.99, 1.35	1.24**	1.06, 1.45
Overweight, stable	867/2089, 42%	1.10**	1.01, 1.20	1.02	0.93, 1.11
Mid-normal weight, stable	1455/3785, 38%	1	referent	1	referent
Low-normal weight, decreasing	598/1330, 45%	1.24***	1.13, 1.37	1.15**	1.04, 1.26
Female aged 40–60	Death, number of death/ number of participants %	Model 1a		Model 2b
		HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
Obesity, increasing	170/1710, 10%	1.53***	1.30, 1.80	1.33**	1.14, 1.57
Overweight, increasing	760/8641, 9%	1.32***	1.21, 1.45	1.16**	1.06, 1.27
Mid-normal weight, increasing	1232/18273, 7%	1	referent	1	referent
Low-normal weight, increasing	701/11711, 6%	0.88**	0.80, 0.96	1.05	0.96, 1.15

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, Hazard ratio.

*p<0.05,

**p<0.01,

***p<0.0001.

^a Unadjusted model.

^b Fully adjusted model: adjusted for age, education level, smoking status, alcohol consumption and physical activity.