Table 1. Comparison of baseline characteristics of the included population.
| Variables | Overall (n* = 31,184) | Non-CHD (n = 29,580) | CHD (n = 1,604) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), Median (IQR) | 49.00 (36.00, 61.00) | 48.00 (36.00, 60.00) | 68.00 (60.00, 76.00) | < 0.001 |
| Age (years), n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| 20–44 years | 11,315 (40.62) | 11,267 (42.19) | 48 (4.40) | |
| 45–64 years | 11,352 (39.39) | 10,887 (39.65) | 465 (33.54) | |
| ≥ 65 years | 8,517 (19.98) | 7,426 (18.16) | 1,091 (62.05) | |
| Sex, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Male | 15,336 (48.33) | 14,214 (47.53) | 1,122 (67.00) | |
| Female | 15,848 (51.67) | 15,366 (52.47) | 482 (33.00) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | 0.620 | |||
| Married or living with a partner | 19,271 (66.22) | 18,278 (66.25) | 993 (65.49) | |
| Living alone | 11,913 (33.78) | 11,302 (33.75) | 611 (34.51) | |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 4,150 (6.25) | 4,009 (6.39) | 141 (2.87) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 2,452 (4.76) | 2,363 (4.86) | 89 (2.60) | |
| Mexican American | 15,205 (72.62) | 14,125 (72.16) | 1,080 (83.41) | |
| Other | 9,377 (16.37) | 9,083 (16.59) | 294 (11.11) | |
| Education level, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Below high school | 6,696 (13.44) | 6,211 (13.02) | 485 (23.11) | |
| High school | 7,089 (22.91) | 6,701 (22.76) | 388 (26.36) | |
| Above high school | 17,399 (63.65) | 16,668 (64.22) | 731 (50.53) | |
| PIR, n (%) | 0.813 | |||
| ≥ 1 | 25,787 (88.52) | 24,456 (88.51) | 1,331 (88.73) | |
| < 1 | 5,397 (11.48) | 5,124 (11.49) | 273 (11.27) | |
| BMI (kg/m2), n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Normal weight | 9,244 (30.81) | 8,836 (31.14) | 408 (23.23) | |
| Low weight | 405 (1.37) | 389 (1.39) | 16 (0.79) | |
| Overweight | 10,849 (34.65) | 10,259 (34.60) | 590 (35.75) | |
| Obesity | 10,686 (33.17) | 10,096 (32.87) | 590 (40.23) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 16,828 (54.48) | 16,264 (55.35) | 564 (34.41) | |
| Yes | 14,356 (45.52) | 13,316 (44.65) | 1,040 (65.59) | |
| Stroke, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 29,853 (96.95) | 28,502 (97.44) | 1,351 (85.53) | |
| Yes | 1,331 (3.05) | 1,078 (2.56) | 253 (14.47) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 18,804 (65.46) | 18,400 (67.11) | 404 (27.46) | |
| Yes | 12,380 (34.54) | 11,180 (32.89) | 1,200 (72.54) | |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 18,942 (62.51) | 18,497 (64.09) | 445 (25.84) | |
| Yes | 12,242 (37.49) | 11,083 (35.91) | 1,159 (74.16) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 26,874 (89.95) | 25,817 (90.90) | 1,057 (68.02) | |
| Yes | 4,310 (10.05) | 3,763 (9.10) | 547 (31.98) | |
| Supplements taken, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 17,047 (57.49) | 16,028 (57.14) | 1,019 (65.60) | |
| Yes | 14,137 (42.51) | 13,552 (42.86) | 585 (34.40) | |
| Alcohol (g/d), Median (IQR) | 0.00 (0.00, 9.35) | 0.00 (0.00, 9.35) | 0.00 (0.00, 3.25) | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L), Median (IQR) | 1.32 (1.09, 1.60) | 1.32 (1.09, 1.63) | 1.16 (0.98, 1.45) | < 0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L), Median (IQR) | 5.02 (4.34, 5.74) | 5.04 (4.37, 5.74) | 4.40 (3.75, 5.20) | < 0.001 |
| ALA (g/d), Median (IQR) | 1.36 (0.91, 2.00) | 1.37 (0.92, 2.01) | 1.27 (0.85, 1.89) | < 0.001 |
| DPA (g/d), Median (IQR) | 0.01 (0.01, 0.03) | 0.01 (0.01, 0.03) | 0.01 (0.00, 0.02) | 0.017 |
| ETA (g/d), Median (IQR) | 0.12 (0.07, 0.19) | 0.12 (0.07, 0.19) | 0.11 (0.06, 0.18) | 0.001 |
| EPA (g/d), Median (IQR) | 0.01 (0.00, 0.02) | 0.01 (0.00, 0.02) | 0.01 (0.00, 0.02) | 0.990 |
| DHA (g/d), Median (IQR) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.06) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.06) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.06) | 0.633 |
| Omega-3 (g/d), Median (IQR) | 1.62 (1.10, 2.35) | 1.62 (1.10, 2.36) | 1.52 (1.03, 2.26) | < 0.001 |
Abbreviations: CHD, coronary heart disease; IQR, interquartile range; PIR, poverty income ratio; BMI, body mass index; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC, total cholesterol; ALA, α-linolenic acid; DPA, docosapentaenoic acid; ETA, eicosatetraenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexenoic acid.
* n is unweighted, percentages and median (IQR) are weighted, and P-values are calculated from the weighted data.