Table 2.
Regional Consumption Trends for Three Years (2019–2021)
| 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Region 1, Karachi (net increase in 3 y DID + %) | |||
| Cumulative (21.3 DID, 71%) | Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (12.1%) Doxycycline (9.3%) Cefixime (10%) |
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (10.2%) Azithromycin (10.3%) Cefixime (9.5%) |
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (13%) Azithromycin (9.7) Cefixime (15.7%) |
| Per oral (18.25 DID, 83%) | Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (16%) Cefixime (13%) Doxycycline (11.9%) |
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (13.6%) cefixime (12%) Azithromycin (13.8%) |
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (16.3%) Cefixime (20.5%) Azithromycin (12.2%) |
| Intravenous (2.45, DID, 30%) | Linezolid (21%) Ciprofloxicin (22%) Moxifloxacin (29.5%) |
Linezolid (16%) Ciprofloxacin (21.9%) Moxifloxacin (34.2%) |
Linezolid (34%) Ciprofloxacin (17.9%) Moxifloxacin (30.6%) |
| Region 2, Sindh | |||
| Cumulative (17.6, DID, 83%) | Ciprofloxacin (23.1%) Cefixime (15.4%) Moxifloxacin (15.4%) Levofloxacin (15.4%) |
Ciprofloxacin (25%) Cefixime (16.7%) Moxifloxacin (16.7%) Levofloxacin (16.7%) |
Ciprofloxacin (17.9%) Cefixime (25%) Azithromycin (10.7%) Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid (10.7%) |
| Per oral (16.25 DID, 105%) | Cefixime (25%) Azithromycin (12.5%) Levofloxacin (12.5%) Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid (12.5%) |
Cefixime (28.6%) Azithromycin (14.3%) Levofloxacin (14.3%) Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid (14.3%) |
Cefixime (30.4%) Azithromycin (13%) Ciprofloxacin (13%) Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid(13%) |
| Intravenous (1.39, DID, 28%) | Moxifloxacin (37.2%) Ciprofloxacin (28.1%) Levofloxacin (13%) |
Moxifloxacin (36.2%) Ciprofloxacin (27.1%) Levofloxacin (14.5%) |
Moxifloxacin (39.2%) Ciprofloxacin (22.1%) Levofloxacin (15.9%) |
| Region 3, Multan | |||
| Cumulative (14.55, DID, 75%) | Ciprofloxacin (27.3%) Levofloxacin (18.2%) Moxifloxacin (18.2%) |
Ciprofloxacin (27%) Moxifloxacin (18.2%) Doxycycline (9.1%) Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid (9.1%) |
Ciprofloxacin (17.4%) Cefixime (17.4%) Moxifloxacin (13%) Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (13%) |
| Per oral (12.5, DID, 91%) | Ciprofloxacin (18%) Levofloxacin (16.7%) Doxycycline (16.7%) Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid (16.7%) |
Ciprofloxacin (15%) Levofloxacin (14.3%) Doxycycline (14.3%) Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid (14.3%) |
Cefixime (22%) Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (19%) Ciprofloxacin (16.7%) |
| Intravenous (2, DID, 37%) | Moxifloxacin (35.4%) Ciprofloxacin (27.2%) Levofloxacin (14.3%) |
Moxifloxacin (33.4%) Ciprofloxacin (27.9%) Levofloxacin (14%) |
Moxifloxacin (33.4%) Ciprofloxacin (27.9%) Levofloxacin (14%) |
| Region 4, Lahore | |||
| Cumulative (16.06, DID, 66%) | Moxifloxacin (15.9%) Ciprofloxacin (13.9%) Levofloxacin (10.2%) Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid (8.6%) |
Moxifloxacin (15.7%) Ciprofloxacin (12.7%) Levofloxacin (9.9%) Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid (8.5%) |
Moxifloxacin (15.7%) Cefixime (14.6%) Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (11.5%) |
| Per oral (13.25, DID, 75%) | Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (12.5%) Ciprofloxacin (11.8%) Cefixime (11%) |
Azithromycin (12%) Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (11.2%) Cefixime (11%) |
Cefixime (19.4%) Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (15.2%) Azithromycin (11.3%) |
| Intravenous (2.62, DID, 37%) | Moxifloxacin (48.4%) Ciprofloxacin (18.1%) Linezolid (10.3%) |
Moxifloxacin (51.2%) Ciprofloxacin (17.03%) Linezolid (10.8%) |
Moxifloxacin (61%) Ciprofloxacin (12.8%) Linezolid (11.2%) |
| Region 5, Faisalabad | |||
| Cumulative (15.9, DID, 74%) | Moxifloxacin (15.9%) Ciprofloxacin (15.4%) Levofloxacin (10.3%) |
Moxifloxacin (16.4%) Ciprofloxacin (14.3%) Levofloxacin (10.8%) |
Moxifloxacin (16.2%) Cefixime (13%) Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (9.9%) |
| Per oral (12, DID, 80%) | Ciprofloxacin (11.9%) Doxycycline (11.6%) Levofloxacin (11.4%) |
Ciprofloxacin (12%) Doxycycline (11.6%) Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (10.4%) |
Cefixime (17.8%) Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (13.5%) Ciprofloxacin (9.8%) |
| Intravenous (3.6, DID, 57%) | Moxifloxacin (47.3%) Ciprofloxacin (22%) Levofloxacin (10.1%) |
Moxifloxacin (48.1%) Ciprofloxacin (18.1%) Linezolid (11.9%) |
Moxifloxacin (54.5%) Ciprofloxacin (13.4%) Linezolid (11.8%) |
| Region 6, Rawalpindi | |||
| Cumulative (19.9, DID, 76%) | Moxifloxacin (12.5%) Ciprofloxacin (11.9%) Levofloxacin (11.7%) |
Moxifloxacin (11.9%) Levofloxacin (11.6%) Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (11.2%) |
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (14.5%) Cefixime (14.2%) Moxifloxacin (11.2%) |
| Per oral (17.2, DID, 88%) | Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (14%) Doxycycline (12.2%) Cefixime (10.9%) Ciprofloxacin (10.5%) |
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (14.5%) Azithromycin (14.1%) Doxycycline (12.2%) |
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (17.5% Cefixime (16.3%) Azithromycin (11.6%) |
| Intravenous (2.73, DID, 42%) | Moxifloxacin (45%) Levofloxacin (17.6%) Ciprofloxacin (17.1%) |
Moxifloxacin (43%) Levofloxacin (20%) Ciprofloxacin (16.1%) |
Moxifloxacin (51%) Levofloxacin (18%) Linezolid (10%) |
| Region 7, Peshawar | |||
| Cumulative (33, DID, 89%) | Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (13.3%) Ciprofloxacin (13.2%) Doxycycline (12.3%) |
Ciprofloxacin (14.8%) Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (14.8%) Doxycycline (11.9%) |
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (17.1%) Cefixime (12.4%) Ciprofloxacin (10.6%) Amoxicillin (10.5%) |
| Per oral (30, DID, 94%) | Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (15.4%) Doxycycline (14.2%) Amoxicillin (11.6%) |
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (14.8%) Doxycycline (14.7%) Amoxicillin (10.7%) |
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (19.4%) Cefixime (14.1%) Amoxicillin (11.9%) |
| Intravenous (2.89, DID, 55%) | Ciprofloxacin (34.2%) Moxifloxacin (26.9%) Levofloxacin (11.5%) |
Moxifloxacin (35.9%) Ciprofloxacin (28.1%) Levofloxacin (11%) |
Moxifloxacin (43.1%) Ciprofloxacin (22%) Levofloxacin (9%) |
| Region 8,Baluchistan | |||
| Cumulative (21.7, DID, 95%) | Ciprofloxacin (17.6%) Levofloxacin (10.7%) Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (10.0%) |
Ciprofloxacin (16%) Levofloxacin (10.7%) Azithromycin (8.7%) Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (8.3%) |
Cefixime (14.9%) Ciprofloxacin (14.2%) Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (11.3%) |
| Per oral (19.58, DID, 107%) | Ciprofloxacin (12.4%) Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid (12.1%) Cefixime (10.5%) |
Ciprofloxacin (12.1%) Azithromycin (11%) Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid (10.5%) Cefixime (9.3%) |
Cefixime (17.2%) Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid (13.1%) Ciprofloxacin (10.9%) |
| Intravenous (1.82, DID, 42%) | Ciprofloxacin (40%) Levofloxacin (21%) Moxifloxacin (19.6%) |
Ciprofloxacin (37%) Moxifloxacin (24.1%) Levofloxacin (19.8%) |
Ciprofloxacin (33.9%) Moxifloxacin (31.3%) Levofloxacin (18.1%) |
Abbreviation: DID, daily dose per 1000 inhabitants per day.