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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Nov 24.
Published in final edited form as: J Appl Dev Psychol. 2023 Nov 24;89:101604. doi: 10.1016/j.appdev.2023.101604

Table 4.

Regression models examining weekend catchup sleep and mean GPA and Absences, Effects of Sleep on Education and Health Outcomes Among Adolescents. 9th grade students, 2019–2020 school year (N = 430).

GPA (Linear regression)
Absences (Poisson regression)
Unadjusted Adjusteda Unadjusted Adjusted





b 95% CI b 95% CI b OR 95% CI b OR 95% CI

Intercept 84.9 (83.5. 86.4) 83.1 (80.7. 85.4) 1.5 4.5 (4.2.4.8) 2.0 7.4 (6.4.8.6)
Weekend catchup sleep −0.O4 (−0.5. 0.4) −0.1 (−0.5. 0.4) 0.1 1.1 (1.0.1.08) 0.O4 1.04 (1.02.1.07)
Race/Ethnicity b
 Asian 5.4 (1.6, 9.2) −0.6 0.5 (0.4,0.7)
 Black −2.4 (−4.8, −0.2) −0.2 0.8 (0.7. 0.9)
 Hispanic 1.3 (−0.8, 3.6) −0.6 0.6 (0.5. 0.64)
 Multiracial −3.5 (−7.3, 0.1) −0.3 0.7 (0.6. 0.9)
 White Ref - Ref - -
FRL Eligible c
 No 3.5 (1.9, 5.2) −0.3 0.7 (0.6,0.8)
 Yes Ref - Ref - -
Gender
 Female 3.4 (1.9, 5.0) 0.1 1.2 (1.1,1.3)
 Male Ref -
Parental Education
 < High school Ref - Ref
 High school graduate −1.1 (−3.8, 1.7) −0.2 0.8 (0.7,0.9)
 Some college 2.2 (−0.7, 5.0) −0.3 0.7 (0.6,0.8)
 College or greater 3.2 (0.5, 5.7) −0.4 0.7 (0.6,0.8)

OR: Odds Ratio.

*

p < 0.05.

a

Adjusted for race/ethnicity, free/reduced lunch, gender, parental education.

b

School-reported race/ethnicity.

c

Free/reduced lunch eligible.