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. 2023 Dec 6;15(1):2289769. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2289769

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© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.

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Figure 1. — A. baumannii cell-associated virulence factors. negatively charged capsular polysaccharides hinder interactions with negatively charged surfaces of neutrophils and macrophages and protect against complement-mediated killing, peptidoglycan degradation by lysozyme, and ROS. Hepta-acylation of lipid A in LOS strengthens the outer membrane (OM) and protects A. baumannii from cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) and lysozyme. Csu pilus, BAP, BLP1, BLP2, and type IV pilus are the main proteins involved in biofilm formation. The OM protein A (OmpA) inhibits complement-mediated killing. Other abbreviations: P, periplasm; IM, inner membrane. Figure created with Biorender.